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Theoretically, the digital economy (DE) is the core of the modern networked economic system, and in practice – a growing sector of national and world economies. The essential features of IT as a new phenomenon in the socio-economic system are complemented on an interdisciplinary basis by the epistemology of information and computer sciences, electronic technologies and platforms. This refers to the widespread use of margins (marginal costs, marginal capital, marginal labour, etc.) and concepts such as institutions, trust, risk, security, etc. The purpose of the study is to investigate the trends of economic digitalisation, theoretical and methodological changes and applied vision of economic processes. Analysis, comparison, and generalisation were used in the study. The study considers the current trends of digitalisation of the economy, which cause significant theoretical and methodological changes and a new applied vision of economic processes. In the current conditions, the actual economic laws of IT are determined by the prevailing concepts and doctrines – neoclassical and neo-institutional. It was concluded that the synergistic synthesis of the categorical framework of the economic mainstream and computer sciences allows for the development of complexity economics, which is characterised by fundamentally new dimensions and parameters.

The article addresses logical approaches to explaining the economic world. The introductory part reveals the general prerequisites for the logical analysis of large systems. The rest of the study is devoted to the logical structure of economic worlds: at micro-, macro- and mega-levels. The logical dimensions of the economic world are based mainly on deterministic logic, grounded in Antiquity, Modern era and institutional logic of the late XIX and XX centuries. The dynamics and structure of the micro level (enterprise, firm, MNE) is explained by the institutional logic based on the American school (R. Coase, O. Williamson, etc.). Institutional logic in a broad sense includes values, norms, customs that people use in their daily activities on the scale of a certain space and time. Economic institutions have a long history, accompanying socio-economic development from the Neolithic era to the modern one. Their logic was shaped by the level of social, economic, technological, cultural development of various human communities of the ecumene. The macro-level of economics, on the one hand, is defined by deterministic (Laplace’s) logic. Its essence is to take into account the whole set of possible factors (economic and non-economic ones) that affect the course of economic dynamics. Individual needs, preferences, productive capacity, interaction of individuals create the layout of neoclassical model of economy. Keynesian deterministic logic is structural in nature, when the behaviour of individuals is determined by the general state of the economy as a whole. The logic of Marxist economic analysis, also known as overdeterminism, is derived from dialectics. On the other hand, the works of T. Veblen, the old American school of institutionalism and modern representatives (D. North, R. Nelson, J. Winter) are of paramount importance. The tools of logical analysis of the mega-level are mostly reflected in the works of G. Leibniz, I. Kant, R. Carnap and in modern institutional logic. The logic of globalisation, its historical phases can be traced according to different types of globalisation in four spatio-temporal dimensions: extensiveness, intensity, velocity and reciprocity and three deterministic logics: technical (technological), economic and political.