Appearing in the scientific literature in the second half of the twentieth century, the term “artificial ground” currently does not cover the entire range of geological formations associated with human activity. The authors of the article proposed a classification of artificial grounds, as well as put forward a number of considerations for strength tests of special group of artificial grounds – the equivalent materials for laboratory modeling.

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In the proposed research there were evaluated the factors influencing the distribution of additional pressure from ground construction on the linings of the subway tunnels. In recent years, the Department of Tunnels and Subways of the Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University has provided scientific support for many capital construction projects with geotechnical calculations of the buildings under construction impact on subway structures, both using analytical methods and mathematical modeling. The existing analytical methods allow us to evaluate the change in the additional pressure in the ground massive without taking into account the tunnel construction, while in reality the tunnel construction significantly changes the stress-strain state of the ground massive in the vicinity of the excavation. This factor was considered as the most significant, and together with it, there were evaluated the influence of the tunneling method and the influence of the applied geomechanical soil model on the calculation results.

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Purpose: To analyze the factors affecting pressure distribution from ground construction on subway tunnel linings. Method: Mathematical modeling by finite element method of a system that includes a soil massif, an interstation tunnel lining and a load from ground building foundation. Results: The type of additional pressure distribution graph from ground construction inviolate massif and in the massif, which stress-strain state is distorted by tunneling, is established. It is found that the change of additional pressure is directly proportional to load change as by depth as well as by distance from foundation axis; this law is preserved at any other parameter change (in inviolate soil massif and in the massif which stress-strain state is changed by tunneling, at various ways of tunneling modeling, at the use of various geomechanical soil models). It is established that the value of additional pressure from ground construction practically doesn’t depend on tunneling modeling method. The difference between the results at soil description via Mohr-Coulomb model and via its modification is substantiated. Practical importance: It is shown the possibility to determine accurately the amount of additional pressure from ground construction on tunnel lining without having information on tunneling method.