Increasing the efficiency of diesel equipment operation is primarily associated not only with increasing the reliability of its main components, assemblies, joints and details, but also with reducing costs and fuel consumption during production processes. At the same time, operating experience shows that a significant share of the operating time of the equipment is not fully loaded, often up to 40 … 50%. The transient and unsteady modes that arise in this case, as well as the design features of the fuel equipment of domestic diesel engines, lead to an excessive consumption of fuel and a significant increase in the unevenness of fuel supply through the engine cylinders up to 26 … 38%. To ensure a minimum clearance in the plunger pair, it is proposed to apply a diamond-like thin film coating based on silicon oxycarbide onto the working surfaces of the details, which has high microhardness, low friction coefficient, and prevents the setting of contact surfaces by final plasma hardening. After applying the technological operation of hardening the working surfaces of the details by forming a thin film coating, the distribution of the parts over the time of crimping changed so that 82% of the experimental plunger pairs have a hydraulic density exceeding t = 45.7s with an average value of 46.7s with a mean square deviation σ = 1.05s. The results obtained during the tests showed that at the nominal speed of rotation of the cam shaft, the cyclic feed of the produced plunger pairs decreased by 2.8%, while in the experimental ones, the decrease in fuel supply was 1.3%, the uneven fuel supply in both cases did not exceed 2%. The predicted resource of the experimental plunger pairs will be 9000 hours, which is 2.25 times longer the resource of serial plunger pairs.

Increasing the efficiency of diesel equipment operation is primarily associated not only with increasing the reliability of its main components, assemblies, joints and parts, but also with reducing costs and fuel consumption during production processes. At the same time, operating experience shows that a significant share of the operating time, the equipment is not fully loaded, often up to 40…50%. The transient and unsteady modes that arise in this case, as well as the design features of the fuel equipment of domestic diesel engines, lead to an excessive consumption of fuel and a significant increase in the unevenness of fuel supply through the engine cylinders to 26…38%. To ensure a minimum clearance in the plunger pair, it is proposed to apply a diamond-like thin film coating based on silicon oxycarbide onto the working surfaces of the parts, which has high microhardness, low friction coefficient, and prevents the setting of contact surfaces by finishing plasma hardening. After applying the technological operation of hardening the working surfaces of the parts by forming a thin film coating, the distribution of the parts over the time of crimping changed so that 82% of the experimental plunger pairs have a hydraulic density exceeding t = 45.7 s with an average value of = 46.7s with a mean square deviation σ = 1.05s. The results obtained during the tests showed that at the nominal speed of rotation of the cam shaft, the cyclic feed of the produced plunger pairs decreased by 2.8%, while in the experimental ones, the decrease in fuel supply was 1.3%, the uneven fuel supply in both cases did not exceed 2%. The predicted resource of the experimental plunger pairs will be 9000 hours, which is 2.25 times more than the resource of serial plunger pairs.

The results of a multifactor experiment for determining the relative wear resistance of the main and advanced friction pairs of vacuum pumps of the plate type are presented in the article, since they have received the most distribution in agriculture and industry. However, they have a number of shortcomings such as: low overhaul life and reduced productivity with increasing time of continuous operation. In connection with this, a number of design solutions have been developed to increase the efficiency of vacuum-type vacuum pumps. Since the introduction of these design solutions requires the use of new materials, it has become necessary to perform comparative tests of friction pairs of serial pumps and the modernized ones. For this purpose, a multifactor experiment was planned and carried out, and as factors of variation, the relative displacement speed of friction pairs, the pressure and the abrasive concentration in the contact zone were selected. After processing the data obtained as a result of the multifactorial experiment, regularities were obtained for wear of friction pairs "cast iron-textolite", "cast iron-fluoroplastic", "textolite-fluoroplastic", both under lubrication conditions and without it. From these dependencies, graphs were plotted: the relative wear resistance of these friction pairs of the velocity of relative displacement and pressure; the effect of lubrication in friction pairs on the relative wear resistance. Further, a detailed analysis of these graphs was made and conclusions were formulated.

Plate type vacuum pumps are used in various industries and agriculture due to their high specific efficiency and simple design. The disadvantage of this type of pump is a low inter-repair resource, which is caused by an increase in internal gas flows due to wear of the main friction pair “cast iron-textolite”. To modernize the design of a plate-type vacuum pump, the authors proposed using an anti-friction material PTFE, and as a result, replacing the main friction pair “cast iron-textolite” with friction pairs “cast iron-PTFE” and “textolite - PTFE”. Therefore, this article presents the results of a comparative experiment to determine the wear resistance of friction pairs of a serial and upgraded pump. Analysis of the experiment results showed that the “cast iron-PTFE” and “textolite-PTFE” friction pairs are more wear-resistant when changing the speed of relative movement and pressure in the contact zone than the “cast iron-textolite” friction pair, but they are more demanding to the presence of abrasive in the contact zone. The use of PTFE material is promising as a material for the surfaces of friction pairs of vacuum pumps. However, it requires protection measures and cleaning of the contact zone from wear products of the pump friction pairs themselves and the abrasive coming from the pumped medium.

The article describes the results of theoretical calculations of the loads acting on the radial surface of the blade of a plate-type vacuum pump used in milking systems. On the basis of experimental studies of Fluoroplast-4, its use for sealing highly loaded movable seals in vacuum systems is substantiated. The results of experimental studies on the dependence of the actual contact area and specific pressure on the load of 0-100 N are presented. An analysis of the data showed that in the range of loads of 0 to 10 N, the dependence is almost linear. In the range of 20 to 100 N, the specific pressure reaches a limiting value and ranges from 47.3 to 57.8 MPa, i.e. it stabilizes. These data indicate that for sealing the most loaded and critical movable seals in milking vacuum systems, it is possible to use Fluoroplast-4.