Tangible and intangible benefits were identified with respect to the interests of the parties involved. This has led to the incorporation of innovation for patients under acceptable conditions.

The objective of this article is to develop and apply several types of price indexes to the analysis of pharmaceutical expenditure to improve the way traditional indexes adjust for innovation in drug supply.The Laspeyres and Paasche indexes in the fixed and linked modalities were used.Price is defined as average expenditure at consumer price per daily defined dose (DDD).The empirical application is restricted to two therapeutic groups, antipsychotics and antidepressants, and to the pharmaceutical expenditure of the Catalan Health Service in the period 1991-1999.The indexes can be computed from the information currently recorded in the administrative procedures of health care insurers, or from sample information provided by regular market surveys.The proposed method allows for controlling the effect of several factors on average pharmaceutical price changes, specifically, the introduction of new drugs that show some degree of therapeutic innovation.

Background: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are prevalent and avoidable disease that patients experience due to drug use or nonuse. However, secondary prevention policies have not yet been systematized. Objective: To assess the clinical impact of a secondary prevention bundle for DRPs in patients who visited the emergency department (ED) for medicine-related problems. Methods: A single-center randomized clinical trial was conducted from August 28, 2019, to January 28, 2021, with 1-month follow-up. We included 769 adult patients who visited ED with a DRP associated with cardiovascular, alimentary tract, and metabolic system medications. For the intervention group, a DRP prevention bundle, consisting of a combined strategy initiated in the ED was applied. Patients in the control group received standard pharmaceutical care. Intervention was evaluated in terms of 30-day hospital readmission due to any cause. Results: Final analysis included 769 patients, of which 68 (8.8%) were readmitted within 30 days (control group, 40 of 386 [cumulative incidence: 10.4%]; intervention group, 28 of 383 [cumulative incidence, 7.3%]). After adjustment of the model for chronic heart failure, there was a lower incidence of hospital readmission among patients in the intervention group compared with those in the control group, odds ratio: 0.59 [95% confidence interval: 0.37-0.97]; number needed to treat (NNT) = 32. No significant differences in other outcomes were observed. Conclusion and Relevance: In this clinical trial, DRP prevention bundle in adjusted analysis decreased the rate of 30-day hospital readmission for any cause in patients who visited ED for a DRP. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03607097)

New drugs have a mean cost growth rate greater than that of existing drugs, with only a quarter of them offering advantages over existing drugs. More detailed evaluations of new medications are warranted before they can be recommended for general use so that a better distribution of the limited resources available may be made when prescribing drugs that are newly available through prescription.

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