BackgroundThe use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) during pregnancy is increasing. Scientific evidence for CAM and CAT in the field of obstetrics mainly covers pain relief in labor. Midwives are responsible for labor and delivery care: hence, their knowledge of CAM and CAT is important. The aims of this study are to describe the professional profile of midwives who provide care for natural childbirth in Catalan hospitals accredited as centers for normal birth, to assess midwives’ level of training in CAT and their use of these therapies, and to identify specific resources for CAT in labor wards.MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative method was used to assess the level of training and use of CAT by midwives working at 28 hospitals in Catalonia, Spain, accredited as public normal birth centers.ResultsJust under a third of midwives (30.4%) trained in CAT after completion of basic training. They trained in an average of 5.97 therapies (SD 3.56). The number of CAT in which the midwives were trained correlated negatively with age (r = - 0.284; p < 0.001) and with their time working at the hospital in years (r = - 0.136; p = 0.036). Midwives trained in CAT considered that the following therapies were useful or very useful for pain relief during labor and delivery: relaxation techniques (64.3%), hydrotherapy (84.8%) and the application of compresses to the perineum (75.9%). The availability of resources for providing CAT during normal birth care varied widely from center to center.ConclusionsAge may influence attitudes towards training. It is important to increase the number of midwives trained in CAM for pain relief during childbirth, in order to promote the use of CAT and ensure efficiency and safety. CAT resources at accredited hospitals providing normal childbirth care should also be standardized.
El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior establece una nueva estructura de títulos de grado y posgrado para permitir la compatibilidad y la comparabilidad, poniendo el acento en la movilidad, la empleabilidad y la garantía de la calidad. Este trabajo tiene como finalidad analizar la evolución de los indicadores correspondientes a las tasas de afiliación, trabajo acorde con el nivel formativo y bases de cotización de los egresados y egresadas de master y doctorado al año y a los cuatro años de la finalización de los estudios, con especial atención a las diferencias de género, a partir de los datos de inserción laboral del informe de Datos y Cifras del Sistema Universitario Español 2015-16 (MECD, 2016). Los resultados indican que España es el segundo país con una tasa de desempleo superior en los egresados de master y presenta la tasa de desempleo más elevada de los egresados de doctorado de los países analizados. No se observan diferencias de género en cuanto a la tasa de afiliación, incluso siendo en muchos casos más favorable para las mujeres, sin embargo, a medida que se analizan indicadores más relacionados con la calidad del empleo, como el trabajo acorde y las bases de cotización, se va incrementando la brecha de género en detrimento de las mujeres. Si bien, multitud de factores pueden dar lugar a estos resultados, resulta obvio que sigue siendo un reto impulsar políticas públicas para favorecer la igualdad de oportunidades de los egresados y las egresadas de la formación de posgrado<em>.</em>
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