Em um cenário atual de mudanças climáticas, sobrepesca, esgotamento generalizado dos recursos pesqueiros marinhos associados ao aumento exponencial da demanda per capita mundial pelo consumo de peixes e derivados, a delimitação de espaços marinhos protegidos continua a ser adotada, em escala global, como a principal ferramenta política territorial para salvaguarda dos ambientes marinhos. Partindo da análise da rede de atores associados à pesca em uma área marinha protegida no litoral sul do Brasil, demonstramos que embora a criação de espaços protegidos seja fundamental para minimizar impactos humanos sobre ambientes marinhos e oceânicos, a iniciativa isolada não limita a pressão antrópica. Nesse sentido, evidenciamos que são as estratégias dos atores localizados em distintas escalas espaciais de atuação política que sustentam, de fato, a geração de acordos e parcerias passíveis de gerar melhorias para conservação marinha.
Cet article analyse la construction sociale des marchés agroalimentaires favorisés par les politiques publiques d'achat d'aliments et par des actions territoriales des agriculteurs familiaux et d'acteurs publics, localisés dans la côte nord de l'État du Rio Grande do Sul au Brésil. La recherche se fonde sur un travail de terrain mené entre 2013 et 2016, et plus précisément sur des entretiens semistructurés menés auprès d'agriculteurs, des vulgarisateurs agricoles et des médiateurs sociaux, parallèlement à une observation participante du système de fonctionnement de deux coopératives agricoles. Les résultats montrent l'existence d'un réseau social innovant, jouant un rôle important pour la reproduction socio-économique des agriculteurs familiaux et le renforcement des liens sociaux. Cependant, certaines limites sont à souligner, notamment le fait d'une faible participation des agriculteurs familiaux les plus pauvres. MOTS-CLÉS : agriculture familiale, développement territorial, innovation sociale, politique publique, Brésil
Possibilities and controversies relating to the territorialization of agri-food markets in BrazilThis paper analyzes the social construction of agri-food markets stimulated by food purchasing public policies and by the territorial actions of family farmers and public players located on the north coast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The research is based on fieldwork carried out between 2013 and 2016, and more specifically on semi-structured interviews conducted with farmers, agricultural extension workers, and social mediators, along with a participant observation of the operating system of two farming cooperatives. The results show the existence of an innovative social network, playing an important role in the socio-economic reproduction of family farmers and the strengthening of social bonds. However, certain limitations must be highlighted, including the low participation of the poorest family farmers in this process.
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