To analyze how pupillary responses reflect mental effort and allocation of processing resources under several load conditions, the pupil diameter of 18 participants was recorded during an auditory digit-span recall task under three load conditions: Low (5 digits), Moderate (8 digits), and Overload (11 digits). In previous research, under all load conditions a significant linear enlargement in pupil diameter was observed as each digit was presented. Significant dilations from the end of the presentation phase to the beginning of the recall phase were also observed but only under low and moderate loads. Contrary to previous research, under the Overload condition, no reduction in pupil diameter was observed when resource limits were exceeded; however, a plateau was observed when the ninth digit was presented until the beginning of the recall phase. Overall, pupillometric data seem to indicate that participants may keep processing actively even though resources are exceeded.

Durations of eye fixation were recorded for a numerical Stroop effect experiment. Participants (6 men, 19 women; M age=22 yr.) reported the number of characters present in sequences of variable length (2 to 5 characters) while attempting to ignore the identity of the character. Three conditions were included: congruent (the number of characters and the numeral were matched, e.g., responding "two" to 22), incongruent (the number of characters and the numeral were mismatched, e.g., responding "two" to 55), and control (baseline of stimuli made up of "X"s, e.g., responding "two" to XX). Comparisons among the three conditions produced the longest response times and average durations of fixation for the incongruent condition. The shortest response times and average durations of fixation were obtained for the congruent condition.

El derecho de reunión representa una realidad socio-jurídica de máxima actualidad, pues su ejercicio se encuentra más presente que nunca en la vida de cualquier país democrático. La situación de crisis económica mundial ha elevado, de manera muy significativa, el ejercicio de esta libertad en nuestro país, de tal manera, que se hace más necesario que nunca garantizar el efectivo y eficaz ejercicio de este derecho. Por todo ello, la violencia, el uso de la fuerza, o cualquier otro término que utilicemos, que se oponga a la paz y tranquilidad social en el ejercicio del derecho de reunión, no tiene cabida en nuestra norma fundamental de convivencia. En este trabajo nos preguntamos: ¿Qué motivación existe en estos sujetos para ejercer el uso de la violencia, en detrimento de muchas de las normas jurídicas y sociales que imperan en nuestra sociedad, en lugar de utilizar otras alternativas posibles?, ¿qué razones pueden justificar este tipo de conductas violentas?, ¿el uso de la violencia es una elección libre o se trata de una conducta irracional producto de una despersonalización en el interior de la masa?Este estudio pretende aportar un mayor conocimiento sobre la libertad de reunión. Trataremos de ahondar en su realidad, conocer sus intereses en conflicto, los problemas que plantea su ejercicio, la aparición del fenómeno de los comportamientos delictivos violentos en las reuniones y manifestaciones, así como aproximarnos a los sujetos titulares individuales de esta libertad, mediante un método de análisis cualitativo, que permita explorar y explicar la realidad tal como la experimentan sus protagonistas.________________________________The right of assembly is an extremely current socio-legal reality, since its practice is becoming more and more part of everyday life in democratic countries. The world economic crisis has significantly increased the practice of this right in our country, making it more necessary than ever to warrant the effective and efficient practice of this right. This means that violence, force or any other similar term, that jeopardizes peace and social calm during the practice of this right, has no place in our fundamental regulation of coexistence. We ask in the present paper:For what reasons do these subjects exercise the use of violence, at the expense of many legal and social regulations that prevail in our society, instead of other alternatives? How can they justify this kind of violent behaviour? Is the use of violence a question of free choice or is it an irrational behaviour caused by depersonalization when the subject forms part of a group?In this study we would like to point out some of these questions. This study claims to increase the understanding of the right of assembly and demonstration, and in the appearance of the phenomenon of violent criminal behaviour during gatherings and demonstrations.Finally, we will approach the individual entitled subjects of this right, by means of a qualitative analysis, that will allow us to explore and explain the reality in the way its main subjects experience it.