Hydraulic weighing lysimeters have been widely used and improved to minimize operational problems, and provide good accuracy for detection of changes in soil water content under field conditions. The objectives of this study were to construct, install and calibrate a hydraulic weighing lysimeter with a hydrostatic pressure sensor for automation of readings, and analyze its performance as compared to the traditional reading system with mercury Lima, et. al. 541Irriga, Botucatu, v. 18, n. 3, p. 540-557, julho-setembro, 2013 piston. The lysimeter consisted of a tank with internal glass fiber, circular edge area of 1.32 m² and volume of 1 m³, and a weighing system with three hydraulic flexible pillow of butyl nylon 100 mm in diameter. Calibration was conducted in known mass containers, which represented a range of mass variation of 50 mm. The results showed high linearity between mass variation and the sensor and manometer readings. Accuracy of 0.135 mm ETo recorded by the pressure gauge and up to 0.061 mm ETo by the sensor showed that the pressure sensor is more sensitive to mass variations than the lysimeter. Errors associated with hysteresis, estimates of mass variation and the average positional error were higher in the manometric system.
A bacia hidrográfica do Riacho do Navio, em Pernambuco, tem importante papel ao atender as demandas hídricas de animais, culturas agrícolas e da população local, sendo fundamental estudá-la de maneira mais específica, a fim de que sejam geradas informações que subsidiem a gestão de seus recursos ambientais. O objetivo deste estudo foi delimitar a bacia hidrográfica do Riacho do Navio e descrever suas características morfométricas (forma, rede de drenagem e relevo) a partir de dados Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) processados no programa livre Quantum GIS (QGIS), via a ferramenta Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Models (TauDEM). A bacia em questão possui 3.312,97 km2, sendo considerada de quinta ordem, com densidade de drenagem de 0,50 km km-2. Observou-se que a declividade média foi de 5,23%, sendo que mais de 86,61% da área da bacia apresentou declividades menores que 8%. O fator de forma, o coeficiente de compacidade e o índice de circularidade atingiram valores de 0,29; 2,10 e 0,22, indicando que a bacia possui formato alongado e, por conseguinte, baixa tendência a enchentes. Por outro lado, a sinuosidade e a declividade média do álveo podem favorecer a ocorrência de cheias em situações de chuvas intensas. O uso do QGIS e do TauDEM para tratamento de imagens SRTM se mostrou uma ferramenta eficiente, podendo auxiliar na gestão e no gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos da bacia do Riacho do Navio. Delimitation and morphometric characterization of the hydrographic basin of Riacho do Navio, Pernambuco, based on SRTM data processed at QGIS A B S T R A C TThe Riacho do Navio watershed, in Pernambuco, has an important role in meeting the water demands of animals, agricultural crops and the local population, and it is essential to study it more specifically, in order to generate information that supports the management of its environmental resources. The objective of this study was to delimit the Riacho do Navio watershed and describe its morphometric characteristics (shape, drainage network and relief) from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, processed in the free program Quantum GIS (QGIS), via the Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Models (TauDEM) tool. The watershed in question has 3,312.97 km2, being considered of fifth order, with drainage density of 0.50 km km-2. It was observed that the average slope was 5.23%, with more than 86.61% of the watershed area showing slopes less than 8%. The shape factor, the compactness coefficient and the circularity index reached values of 0.29; 2.10 and 0.22, indicating that the watersehd has an elongated shape and, therefore, low tendency to flooding. On the other hand, the sinuosity and the average slope of the riverbed can favor the occurrence of floods in situations of intense rains. The use of QGIS and TauDEM for the treatment of SRTM images proved to be an efficient tool, which can assist in the management and administration of water resources in the Riacho do Navio watershed.Keywords: physiographic analysis, Hydrology, digital elevation model, Semiarid, TauDEM.
Chrysanthemum is one of the most commercialized cut flowers on world market. After cutting, it becomes highly perishable due to the increased metabolic activity that leads to senescence. Thus, the experiment was carried out in order to evaluate action of maintenance solutions on the postharvest physiology cutting chrysanthemums of the cultivar Framint. A completely randomized design was used in the factorial scheme composed of two factors: four postharvest treatments and seven evaluation times. The flowers remained in the following maintenance solutions: citric acid solution, solution with boric acid, and salicylic acid solution at concentrations 100 mg. L-1 for both treatments in combination with 1% ethanol. During postharvest period, following analyzes were performed: fresh mass loss, volume of water absorbed, luminosity (petals), activity of the enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total protein and total carbohydrate content. The treatment with citric acid + ethanol was the most adequate to conserve the quality and to prolong longevity of the flowers, being confirmed by the smaller loss of fresh mass, respiratory activity, better maintenance of carbohydrate and protein content.
O solo é um dos recursos naturais mais importantes para a qualidade de vida do planeta, uma vez que está diretamente relacionado aos vários ciclos ambientais. Enquanto a agricultura, é uma das atividades indispensável à produção de alimentos para a população mundial e que depende da qualidade dos solos para sua manutenção. No entanto, algumas práticas e tecnologias utilizadas em alguns sistemas convencionais de produção agrícola impacta negativamente o meio ambiente. Um dos fatores que facilita a degradação do solo é a retirada sem controle da vegetação nativa da superfície do solo que possuem grau acentuado de declividade, para estabelecimento de áreas com cultivos agrícolas. Com isso, objetivou-se mostrar a importância da conservação do solo na agricultura familiar, bem como os problemas ambientais e sociais oriundos da sua degradação do solo. Nesse sentido, foram desenvolvidas oficinas, intervenções e materiais didáticos acerca do solo e meio ambiente com agricultores do munícipio de Santa Cruz da baixa Verde-Pernambuco. Essas atividades realizadas no decorrer do ano na comunidade, proporcionaram a construção e multiplicação de conhecimentos com os agricultores, reforçando assim que as metodologias de Extensão Rural são ferramentas eficazes para a sensibilização e discussão.
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