The expansion of the sugarcane industry in Brazil has intensified the mechanization of agriculture and caused effects on the soil physical quality. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the limiting water range and soil bearing capacity of a Latossolo vermelho distroférrico típico (Rhodic Hapludox) under the influence of different tractor-trailers used in mechanical sugarcane harvesting. the experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with five replications. The treatments consisted of green sugarcane harvesting with: harvester without trailer (t1); harvester with two trailers with a capacity of 10 mg each (t2); harvester with trailer with a capacity of 20 mg (t3) and harvester and truck with trailer with a capacity of 20 mg (10 mg per compartment) (t4). the least limiting water range and soil bearing capacity were evaluated. the transport equipment to remove the harvested sugarcane from the field (trailer) at harvest decreased the least limiting water range, reducing the structural soil quality. the truck trailer caused the greatest impact on the soil physical properties studied. the soil load bearing capacity was unaffected by the treatments, since the pressure of the harvester (t1) exceeded the pre-consolidation pressure of the soil.