No abstract

The insulin tolerance test (ITT) is considered the test of choice for the diagnosis of GH deficiency (GHD). However, in patients with contraindications to ITT, alternative provocative tests must be used with appropriate cut-offs. The glucagon stimulation test has proved to be a safe, low-cost and effective means of stimulating GH secretion, and therefore can be considered as a suitable alternative to the ITT. We have studied the GH response to the glucagon test in 33 patients with known pituitary disease, 12 males and 21 females, aged between 21 and 60 yr (41.18 +/- 9.47 yr); 5 had isolated GHD and 28 had panhypopituitarism. We also evaluated a control group of 25 individuals, matched for age and sex (8 males and 17 females), aged between 20 and 60 yr (39.28 +/- 12.10 yr). They were selected via the ITT if their peak GH response was > 5.0 ng/ml. GH peak after glucagon was significantly lower in the group of patients compared to the control group (0.49 +/- 0.85 vs 8.69 +/- 5.85 ng/ml, p = 0.0001). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plot analyses of the control and GHD group showed an area under the curve of 0.982 for GH peak response to glucagon. The response value of 3.0 ng/ml showed the best pair of sensitivity (97%)/specificity (88%), and was chosen as the cut-off defining GHD. After evaluation of positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) through simulation of different prevalences of the disease, we concluded that the cut-off point of 3.00 ng/ml maximizes both PPV and NPV (100%). In conclusion, we have shown that the glucagon stimulation test has a good performance and great diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of GHD.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o acesso a e a utilização de serviços odontológicos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, em 1998, a partir da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD 1998). A população de estudo foi composta por 7.756 indivíduos subdivididos em três estratos etários (15 a 19, 35 a 44 e 65 a 74 anos). A avaliação do acesso baseou-se na pergunta sobre a última vez que o entrevistado foi ao dentista. O fato de um indivíduo nunca ter ido ao dentista na vida foi considerado como indicativo de restrição de acesso, analisado segundo variáveis demográficas, sócio-econômicas e epidemiológicas. As proporções de indivíduos que nunca consultaram dentista foram 7,6%, 1,8% e 2,6% respectivamente, entre os jovens, adultos e idosos. Os resultados sugerem que indivíduos menos favorecidos em termos sócio-econômicos apresentavam maior limitação de acesso, ou seja, os menos escolarizados (jovens e adultos), com menor renda per capita (jovens e idosos) e com menor posse de eletrodomésticos (adultos). Entre os jovens e os adultos, a posse de plano de saúde mostrou-se inversamente associada à restrição de acesso.