This paper assesses the efficiency of crop and livestock production in Colombia by using a sample of 1,565 households. The study considers households located in different production systems which differ in geography, climate and soil types. These conditions affect technical efficiency and thus render analysis under the same production frontier as inadequate. For this reason, stochastic metafrontier techniques are preferred, allowing the estimation of technical efficiency within each production system and between production systems in relation to the sector as a whole. Results suggest that households in some production systems could be benefiting from better production conditions due to advantages in the availability of natural resources and climate as well as to more favorable socioeconomic conditions. Additionally, we found that, in all systems, households with higher production have higher measures of technical efficiency. Thus, significant gains could be achieved in the sector through measures that contribute to improve the efficiency of households within their production systems and by policies that help reduce the technology gap in relation to the meta-frontier. These policies would bring positive impacts on the quality of life of small farmers and on the productivity of the sector.
ResumenLa región Caribe colombiana, ubicada al norte del territorio nacional, concentra el 22% de la población y produce el 15% del producto interno bruto (PIB). Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir los avances de los indicadores sociales y económicos de esta región en las dos últimas décadas. Se encontró que los sociales mejoraron, aunque mantienen ciertas brechas con relación al promedio nacional. Por su parte, el crecimiento económico siguió la tendencia nacional; sin embargo, no fue suficiente para que el que el PIB per cápita regional alcanzara el promedio del país. Las actividades económicas más representativas son: industria, construcción, minería y agropecuaria. La construcción y la minería ganaron participación en el periodo de análisis, mientras que la industria se mantuvo; por el contrario, la agropecuaria redujo la participación en el PIB, principalmente la ganadería que cayó más de la mitad, a pesar de la tradicional vocación pecuaria de la región.Palabras clave: población, pobreza, capital humano, actividad económica, región Caribe colombiana.Clasificación JEL: J24, I32, R11. AbstractThe Colombian Caribbean region, located in the northern coast of Colombia, concentrates 22% of the population and produces 15% of the gross domestic product. This study aims to describe the progress of social and economic indicators of this region during the last two decades. The results show an improvement in the social aspect, however, the gaps with respect to the rest of the country. Economic growth followed the national trend; nevertheless, was not sufficient for the regional GDP per capita to reach the country average. Industry, construction, mining and agriculture activities are the pillars of the Caribbean economy. Construction and mining expand their participation in the economy meanwhile industry remained. By contrast, agriculture reduces the participation in the GDP, mainly the cattle ranch that fell more half, despite the region's traditional livestock vocation.
Un análisis del gasto público en salud de los entes territoriales colombianosPor: Antonio José Orozco-Gallo Núm. 220 Mayo, 2015 Resumen Este documento analiza el gasto público en salud de los entes territoriales colombianos entre 2007 y 2013. Para ello se utilizó la información de ejecuciones presupuestales de los departamentos y municipios. Los resultados indican que los municipios con menor densidad poblacional y mayor siniestralidad registraron el gasto per cápita más alto. Además, no se encontraron indicios de desigualdad en su distribución entre las regiones. El gasto tuvo como principal destino financiar la afiliación en el régimen subsidiado, donde la mayor cobertura, especialmente de la población más pobre, y la igualación de los planes de beneficios significaron un importante logro en materia de equidad. En cambio, se enfocó en menor medida en apoyar las acciones de promoción y prevención y la inversión en la red pública hospitalaria, con escasos resultados dentro de sus propósitos. Finalmente, los recursos del Fosyga y del SGP fueron esenciales en la financiación del gasto.Palabras clave: gasto público, sistema de salud, cobertura, salud pública Abstract This paper analyses the public expenditure on health from local and regional governments in Colombia between 2007 and 2013. For this purpose, we use data from budget executions of departments and municipalities. Our findings indicate that municipalities with the highest per capita expenditure are those with less population density and more accident rate. Moreover, there is no evidence of unequal distribution of the spending among the regions. The expenditure was mainly focused on health coverage of the poor and makes equal the benefit health plan for all citizens, which represents a major achievement in equity. In contrast, it had a small share on supporting promotion and prevention, and investment in public hospitals, with ineffective results. Finally, Fosyga and GSP resources were essential in financing the spending.
La serie Documentos de Trabajo Sobre Economía Regional es una publicación del Banco de la República -Sucursal Cartagena. Los trabajos son de carácter provisional, las opiniones y posibles errores son de responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores y no comprometen al Banco de la República ni a su Junta Directiva.
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