ABSTRACT. Trophic structure of the ichthyofauna in a Brazilian semiarid reservoir. The establishment of the trophic structure of fi sh provides information on species autoecology and their role in the ecosystem, in addition to supporting conservation and management practices for sustainable use of native species. In the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte there are few studies of the natural diet of fi sh. In this context, this study aimed to characterize the trophic structure of the fi sh assemblage of the Santa Cruz reservoir, Apodi, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Fish were collected quarterly (February, May, August and November) in eight points in the reservoir in 2011. After screening, biometric identifi cation and analysis, stomach or intestinal contents were analyzed and food items identifi ed were used for the calculation of the frequency of occurrence and volumetric whose association gives the Alimentary Index (IAi). The highest consumption of a particular item grouped the species into fi ve trophic guilds, and the detritivore/iliophagous, insectivore and carcinophagous the most abundant in the months and collection points, compared to herbivorous and piscivorous. The high abundance of individuals in these guilds can be explained by opportunistic species and the capture facility and intake of resources, since detritus/sediment, insects and shrimp are abundant in the environment studied. Thus, this study provided information about the items that contribute to the diet species, making it possible to infer about the interactions, allowing in the future to understand the complexity of trophic relationships and to assist the management practices and conservation of environment.KEYWORDS. Trophic guilds, fi shes, Santa Cruz Reservoir.RESUMO. O estabelecimento da estrutura trófi ca de peixes fornece informações sobre a autoecologia das espécies e seu papel no ecossistema, além de subsidiar práticas de conservação e manejo visando o uso sustentável das espécies nativas. Na região semiárida do Rio Grande do Norte existem poucos trabalhos sobre a alimentação natural de peixes. Neste contexto, o presente estudo visou caracterizar a estrutura trófi ca da assembleia de peixes do reservatório de Santa Cruz, Apodi, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Os peixes foram coletados em oitos pontos, nos meses de fevereiro, maio, agosto e novembro de 2011. Após triagem, identifi cação e análise biométrica, os conteúdos estomacais ou intestinais foram analisados e, os itens alimentares identifi cados, utilizados para o cálculo das frequências de ocorrência e volumétrica cuja associação origina o Índice Alimentar (IAi). O maior consumo de um determinado item agrupou as espécies em cinco guildas trófi cas, sendo os detritívoros/iliófagos, insetívoros e carcinófagos os mais abundantes entre os meses e pontos de coletas, em relação aos herbívoros e piscívoros. A elevada abundância de indivíduos nessas guildas pode ser explicada pelo caráter oportunista das espécies e, pela facilidade de captura e ingestão dos recursos, ...
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