The ARE significantly declined after the first four cases. The LC for TEM is associated with a significant decrease in operative time after four cases.

LE of early rectal cancer is associated with higher local recurrence and decreased DFS. These disadvantages are significant for T2 lesions.

Both LVR and LRR are effective for the treatment for RP. Although both techniques offer significant improvements in functional symptoms, continence may be better after LRR. However, LRR also had a higher complication rate then did LVR.

Preoperative IPAA-related sepsis and current smoking are significant risk factors for perineal wound complications after pouch excision.