OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com traumatismo raquimedular atendidos em hospital terciário. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, transversal, prospectivo, com 321 pacientes vítimas de traumatismo raquimedular, realizado de janeiro de 2008 a junho de 2012. Foram estudadas as variáveis: sexo; idade; estado civil; profissão; escolaridade; religião; procedência; etiologia, morfologia e região da lesão; condição neurológica pela escala da ASIA e lesões associadas. RESULTADOS: Amostra constituída por 72% pacientes do sexo masculino e 28% do feminino, prevalência da faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos. Os estados civis mais frequentes foram união estável (46,8%) e solteiros (41,7%). O nível de escolaridade foi ensino fundamental incompleto (57%) e completo (17,8%). As causas mais frequentes foram acidentes automobilísticos (38,9%) e queda (27,4%). A lesão mais presente foi fratura explosão (23,7%), as regiões mais afetadas foram cervical subaxial (41,7%) e transição toracolombar (30,5%). A lesão associada mais frequente foi traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) (28,2%). O estado neurológico mais observado na internação/alta foi ASIA-E. Ocorreram 25 óbitos (7,8%), sendo que 76% com lesão na região cervical foram estratificados com ASIA-A, e 68% tiveram complicações respiratórias. CONCLUSÃO: O trauma raquimedular acometeu mais adultos jovens do sexo masculino com união estável e baixo nível de escolaridade. A causa mais frequente foi acidente automobilístico, o tipo de lesão foi fratura explosão e a região cervical a mais acometida. A condição neurológica mais presente foi ASIA-E, o TCE foi a lesão associada mais frequente e a maior gravidade pela classificação da ASIA nos casos de envolvimento cervical aumentou o risco de complicações respiratórias e morbidade e mortalidade.

Background and PurposeDifferentiating between infectious and neoplastic focal brain lesions that are detected by conventional structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be a challenge in routine practice. Brain perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI) may be employed as a complementary non-invasive tool, providing relevant data on hemodynamic parameters, such as the degree of angiogenesis of lesions. We aimed to employ dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging (DSC-MRI) to differentiate between infectious and neoplastic brain lesions by investigating brain microcirculation changes.Materials and MethodsDSC-MRI perfusion studies of one hundred consecutive patients with non-cortical neoplastic (n = 54) and infectious (n = 46) lesions were retrospectively assessed. MRI examinations were performed using a 1.5-T scanner. A preload of paramagnetic contrast agent (gadolinium) was administered 30 seconds before acquisition of dynamic images, followed by a standard dose 10 seconds after starting imaging acquisitions. The relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) values were determined by calculating the regional cerebral blood volume in the solid areas of lesions, normalized to that of the contralateral normal-appearing white matter. Discriminant analyses were performed to determine the cutoff point of rCBV values that would allow the differentiation of neoplastic from infectious lesions and to assess the corresponding diagnostic performance of rCBV when using this cutoff value.ResultsNeoplastic lesions had higher rCBV values (4.28±2.11) than infectious lesions (0.63±0.49) (p<0.001). When using an rCBV value <1.3 as the parameter to define infectious lesions, the sensitivity of the method was 97.8% and the specificity was 92.6%, with a positive predictive value of 91.8%, a negative predictive value of 98.0%, and an accuracy of 95.0%.ConclusionPWI is a useful complementary tool in distinguishing between infectious and neoplastic brain lesions; an elevated discriminatory value for diagnosis of infectious brain lesions was observed in this sample of patients when the rCBV cutoff value was set to 1.3.

-The purpose of this study was to correlate the angioarchitecture of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) with their clinical presentation. A total of 170 patients with AVM 78 males and 92 females, were studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted in order to test the associations between morphological features and clinical presentation. The most frequent clinical presentations at diagnosis were hemorrhage in 89 (52%) patients, headache in 79 (46%), focal neurological deficit in 54 (32%), and seizure in 52 (31%). According to the Spetzler-Martin classification, grade I was found in 15 patients, II in 49, III in 55, IV in 41, and grade V in 10 patients. AVM with small nidus size, single feeding artery and single draining vein were associated with hemorrhage. Hemorrhage was positively associated with Spetzler-Martin grade I and negatively with grade V. The association between seizure and large nidus size was positive, however negative with small nidus size.Key wordS: brain arteriovenous malformations, angioarchitectural features, clinical presentation. Angioarquitetura e apresentação clínica de malformações arteriovenosas encefálicasResumo -o objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar a angioarquitetura de malformações arteriovenosas encefálicas (MAV) com sua apresentação clínica. Foram estudados 170 pacientes portadores de MAV, sendo 78 do sexo feminino e 92 do masculino. Análises univariada e multivariada foram efetuadas para testar associações entre características morfológicas e quadro clínico. As principais formas de apresentação clínica no momento do diagnóstico incluíram hemorragia em 89 (52%) pacientes, cefaléia em 79 (46%), déficit focal em 54 (32%) e convulsão em 52 (31%). de acordo com a classificação de Spetzler e Martin, 15 pacientes tinham MAV grau I, 49 grau II, 55 grau III, 41 grau IV, e 10 grau V. MAV com nidus de tamanho pequeno, aferência e eferência únicas foram associados à hemorragia. Hemorragia foi positivamente associada com grau I e negativamente com grau V. A associação entre convulsão e nidus de tamanho grande foi positiva, porém negativa com nidus de tamanho pequeno.PAlAVrAS-cHAVe: malformações arteriovenosas encefálicas, angioarquitetura, apresentação clínica. of AVMs remains incompletely elucidated and its treatment is still a challenge to neurosurgeons. The purpose of this study was to morphologically characterize a series of brain arteriovenous malformations, trying to establish a correlation with their clinical presentation. METHODone hundred and seventy patients with brain AVMs, admitted at the Vascular and endovascular Neurosurgery Unit of Hospital de Base at São José do rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, were studied between January, 2001, and January, 2007. Seventy-eight (46%) were male and 92 (54%) female, and age ranged from 1 to 77 years (34.1±15 years) at presentation.This study was approved by the research ethics committee of the São José do rio Preto Medical School (FAMerP).other types of vascular malformations such as dural fistula, carotid-cavernous ...

The purpose of this study was to correlate the morphology of giant intracranial aneurysms (GIA) with their clinical presentation. Eighty patients with GIA, 14 males and 66 females, were studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were made to test the associations between morphological and clinical features. The main locations of the unruptured GIA included the carotid cavernous segment, and for the ruptured GIA, the most frequent were the carotid supraclinoid and middle cerebral arteries. There was a significant association among communicating arteries (CA) of "bad" quality and presence of thrombus and calcification (TC). The risk of rupture is 8 times higher in patients with CA of "bad" quality and 11 times higher in patients without TC. GIA are more frequent in the cavernous segment. There is a high rupture risk in the middle cerebral artery. CA of "bad" quality are associated with TC. The rupture risk is significantly higher in patients without TC.