Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are usually found in higher concentrations than other macronutrients in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh) fruits and are most frequently associated with changes in fruit quality. The aim of this article was to evaluate the effects of N and K fertilization on some fruit quality attributes of Fuji apple. The experiment was conducted at Sa ˜o Joaquim, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during 2004 and 2005. A factorial design was used with N and K annual fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, and 200 kg ha 21 of N and K 2 O) replicated in three orchards. Fifteen days prior to harvest, three fruit samples were collected from each treatment and site. One sample was used for total soluble solid content (TSS), titratable acidity, pulp firmness, and fruit color parameter analyses, and the other samples were refrigerated in a conventional atmosphere for 3 and 6 months for subsequent determination of fruit quality. Nitrogen fertilization negatively affected fruit color, flesh firmness, and TSS content. These same variables were positively affected by K fertilization, except for flesh firmness.
The nutrient accumulation curves of apple trees are good indicators of plant nutrient demand for each developmental stage. They are also a useful tool to evaluate orchard nutritional status and to estimate the amount of soil nutrient removal. This research aimed at evaluating the seasonality of nutrients in commercial apple orchards during the agricultural years of 1999, 2000, and 2001. Therefore, apple tree leaves and fruits of three cultivars 'Gala', 'Golden Delicious' and 'Fuji' were weekly collected and evaluated for fresh and dry matter, fruit diameter and macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micronutrient (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) concentrations. Leaf and fruit sampling started one or two weeks after full bloom, depending on the cultivar, and ended at fruit harvest or four weeks later (in the case of leaf sampling). In general, leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Cu, and B decreased; Ca increased; and Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn did vary significantly along the plant vegetative cycle. In fruits, the initial nutrient concentrations decreased quickly, undergoing slow and continuous decreases and then remaining almost constant until the end of fruit maturation, indicating nutrient dilution, once the total nutrient accumulation increased gradually with fruit growth. Potassium was the nutrient present in highest quantities in apple tree fruits and thus, the most removed from the soil. Key words: Malus domestica, macronutrients, micronutrients, accumulation SAZONALIDADE DE NUTRIENTES EM FOLHAS E FRUTOS DE MACIEIRARESUMO: As curvas de acúmulo de nutrientes pela macieira têm se mostrado como um bom parâmetro indicador da demanda da cultura em cada etapa de desenvolvimento, sendo importante para avaliar o estado nutricional do pomar e estimar a remoção de nutrientes do solo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a sazonalidade de nutrientes na macieira, em pomares comerciais, durante as safras agrícolas de 1999, 2000 e 2001. Para tanto, amostras de folhas e frutos de três cultivares 'Gala', 'Golden Delicious' and 'Fuji' foram coletadas semanalmente e avaliadas quanto à massa fresca e seca, diâmetro dos frutos e concentrações de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca e Mg) e micronutrientes (B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn). A amostragem de folhas e frutos teve início uma ou duas semanas após a plena floração, dependendo do cultivar, e prolongou-se até a colheita ou até quatro semanas depois, no caso da amostragem de folhas. Nas folhas, de modo geral, as concentrações de N, P, K, Cu e B diminuíram, a concentração de Ca aumentou e as concentrações de Mg, Fe, Mn e Zn pouco variaram ao longo do ciclo vegetativo da cultura. Nos frutos, inicialmente, as concentrações dos nutrientes diminuíram rapidamente e depois decresceram lenta e continuamente, chegando quase constantes à fase final da maturação, indicando diluição dos nutrientes, uma vez que a quantidade total de nutrientes acumulada aumentou gradativamente com o crescimento dos frutos. O potássio foi o nutriente presente em maior quantidade nos frutos de macieiras, tendo sido, portant...
RESUMOCom este trabalho, objetivou-se estudar sob condições de casa-de-vegetação, o efeito da interação doses boro e estresse hídrico na produção de matéria seca total, produção de aquênios e conteúdo de óleo em girassol cultivado em Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico de textura média. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro repetições. Foram estudadas quatro doses de B: 0, 0,25, 0,5 e 2,0 mg kg -1 , aplicado na forma de ácido bórico e quatro fases de controle de umidade: sem estresse hídrico durante o ciclo, com estresse hídrico durante o ciclo, estresse hídrico a partir do florescimento e estresse hídrico a partir do enchimento de aquênios. Os resultados mostraram que, independentemente da fase de aplicação ou não de estresse hídrico, a dose 0,5 mg dm -3 de B acarretou na maior produção de matéria seca total, produção de aquênios e rendimento de óleo por capítulo. A aplicação de estresse hídrico a partir do início do florescimento ou no enchimento de aqûenios acarreta em menor produção de matéria seca total, de aquênios e de óleo. Termos para indexação:Helianthus annuus, casa-de-vegetação, nutrição vegetal, produção de aquênios, teor de óleo. ABSTRACTThe objective of this work was to study under greenhouse conditions, the effect of the interaction between boron rates and phases of water stress on total dry matter production, achene production, oil content and development of sunflower tillage in dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol of medium texture. The experimental design consisted of casual blocks, using factorial scheme 4x4, with four replicates. The treatments studied were: Four boron rates: 0, 0,25, 0,5 e 2,0 mg kg -1 , applied through the boric acid form, and four period of soil water content: without water stress for the whole cycle, with water stress during the whole cycle, with stress after beginning of flowering and with water stress after beginning of grain filling. The results showed that independently of the presence or not of water stress, the 0,5 mg dm -3 of B was the best rate which presented the highest total dry matter production, achenes production and oil production. The absent water in soil after beginning of flowering and beginning of achenes filling resulted in small production of total dry matter, of achenes and of oil.
Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are closely related to orchard productivity, since they are usually found in higher concentrations than others macronutrients in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) fruits. This research was carried out to assess the effect of eight years of soil additions of N and K on yield, fruit size and mineral composition of 'Fuji'/Marubakaido apple in São Joaquim, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. A factorial design was used with N and K annual fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, 200 kg ha -1 of N and K 2 O) replicated in three orchards from 1998 to 2006. Yield was estimated by multiplying the total number of fruit per tree by the mean weight of 100 randomly sampled fruit. Fifteen days prior to harvest, 24 fruit pulps were analyzed for N, K, Ca and Mg contents. Increases in yields were noticed in five and four years, due to the N and K fertilizer additions, respectively. Fruit size was more affected by K than by N fertilization. Fruit mineral composition was affected by both N and K fertilization. N concentration and N:Ca ratios were enlarged by N fertilization. K concentration and K:Ca ratios were also enlarged by K fertilization. Ca fruit concentration was reduced by N fertilization and often by K. Ca-related fruit disorders were not observed even after 180 days storage. However, N and K fertilization affected Ca nutrition. Thus, when fertilizing with N and K, it is imperative to use combined practices in order to offset the detrimental effect that these nutrients may cause on Ca concentration in the fruit. Key words: Malus domestica Borkh, fertilization, production, nutrition de N e de K 2 O) e repetidas em três pomares comerciais. O rendimento foi estimado a partir da contagem do número total de frutos por planta e multiplicado pelo peso médio de 100 frutos amostrados aleatoriamente por parcela. Quinze dias antes da colheita, 24 frutos foram amostrados para fins de determinação das concentrações de N, K, Ca e Mg. As adubações nitrogenada e potássica aumentaram o rendimento da macieira em cinco e quatro dos oito anos avaliados, respectivamente. O tamanho dos frutos foi mais afetado pela adubação potássica que pela nitrogenada. As adições de N e K influenciaram a composição mineral dos frutos, incrementando suas concentrações e as relações N:Ca e K:Ca. A concentração de Ca nos frutos foi reduzida pela adubação nitrogenada e frequentemente pela potássica. Distúrbios fisiológicos relacionados com a deficiência de Ca não foram observados, mesmo após 180 dias de armazenagem. Entretanto, a nutrição do Ca foi influenciada pelas adubações nitrogenada e potássica. Por isso, ao aplicar-se N e K deve-se combinar práticas nutricionais que compensem a redução da concentração de Ca nos frutos que esses nutrientes promovem. ADUBAÇÕES ANUAIS COM NITROGÊNIO E POTÁSSIO POR LONGO PRAZO INFLUENCIAM O RENDIMENTO E A COMPOSIÇÃO MINERAL DE MAÇÃS 'FUJI' RESUMO: O nitrogênio (N) e o potássio (K) são os nutrientes mais exportados pelas maçãs (Malus
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.