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AVALIAÇÃO DO ESCOAMENTO E INTERCEPTAÇÃO DA ÁGUA DAS CHUVAS  VALDEMIR ANTONIO RODRIGUES1; RODRIGO M. SÁNCHEZ-ROMÁN1; JOSÉ MARIA TARJUELO2; MARIA MÁRCIA PEREIRA SARTORI1 E ANTONIO RUIZ CANALES3 (1)Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas -Universidade Estadual Paulista. UNESP. Botucatu - SP - Brasil.(2)Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Agrícola - Universidad CastillaLa Mancha. UCLM. Albacete. Espanha.(3)Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela - Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Orihuele Espanha.E-mails: valdemirrodrigues@fca.unesp.br, rmsroman@fca.unesp.br, jose.tarjuelo@uclm.es,mmpsartori@fca.unesp.br, aruizcanales@gmail.com,  1 RESUMO Os objetivos foram quantificar o escoamento superficial em diferentes coberturas do solo; analisar a função da vegetação na interceptação da água e controle da erosão; discutir os fatores que alteram a dinâmica da água em parcelas experimentais. O trabalho foi realizado na fazenda São Manuel, no estado de São Paulo (FCA/UNESP), em parcelas de solos com: cobertura vegetal, gramíneas, sem cobertura vegetal e solo impermeabilizado. As simulações de chuvas foram realizadas com quatro tempos de duração. Os tipos de cobertura do solo, intensidade das precipitações, influenciaram no escoamento superficial com maior sedimentação, enquanto que no solo com vegetação ocorreu interceptação pelas copas e menor mobilização de sedimentos. O coeficiente de escoamento superficial foi baixo na presença de vegetação resultando em maior infiltração e melhor regularidade da vazão. Enquanto que a erosão e sedimentos aumentaram nos solos desprotegidos alterando a dinâmica hidrológica em microbacias. Palavras - chave: precipitação, vegetação, erosão do solo, microbacia.  RODRIGUES, V. A.; ROMÁN, R. M. S.; TARJUELO, J. M.; SARTORI, M. M. P;RUIZ CANALES, A.EVALUATION OF RUNOFF AND INTERCEPTION OF RAINFALL  2 ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to quantify the surface runoff in different soil covers; analyze the effect of the forest on  water interception and on  erosion control; discuss the factors affecting water dynamics in experimental plots. The study was conducted at the São Manuel farm, São Paulo State - FCA/UNESP, in soil plots as follows: with vegetative cover, grasses, without vegetative cover and impervious soil. Rainfall simulations were performed using four time periods. The types of soil covering and  rainfall intensity affected surface runoff causing higher sedimentation, whereas interception by the canopies and lower  sediment mobilization were found  in soil with vegetation.     The coefficient of surface runoff was low in the presence of vegetation, leading to higher infiltration and better flow regularity, whereas  erosion and sediments increased in unprotected soils affecting hydrological dynamics in micro watersheds.  Keywords:  precipitation, vegetation, soil erosion, micro watershed.

Olive pitting, slicing and stuffing machines (DRR in Spanish) are characterized by the fact that their optimal functioning is based on appropriate adjustments. Traditional systems are not completely reliable because their minimum error rate is 1–2%, which can result in fruit loss, since the pitting process is not infallible, and food safety issues can arise. Such minimum errors are impossible to remove through mechanical adjustments. In order to achieve this objective, an innovative solution must be provided in order to remove errors at operating speed rates over 2500 olives/min. This work analyzes the appropriate placement of olives in the pockets of the feed chain by using the following items: (1) An IoT System to control the DRR machine and the data analysis. (2) A computer vision system with an external shot camera and a LED lighting system, which takes a picture of every pocket passing in front of the camera. (3) A chip with a neural network for classification that, once trained, classifies between four possible pocket cases: empty, normal, incorrectly de-stoned olives at any angles (also known as a “boat”), and an anomalous case (foreign elements such as leafs, small branches or stones, two olives or small parts of olives in the same pocket). The main objective of this paper is to illustrate how with the use of a system based on IoT and a physical chip (NeuroMem CM1K, General Vision Inc.) with neural networks for sorting purposes, it is possible to optimize the functionality of this type of machine by remotely analyzing the data obtained. The use of classifying hardware allows it to work at the nominal operating speed for these machines. This would be limited if other classifying techniques based on software were used.

The climate change that plagues the world is causing extended periods of water shortage. This situation is forcing farmers in the region of Murcia in Spain to modernize their irrigation systems to optimize use of the scarce water they have and seek a circular water economy using the recovered water. Moreover, an associated problem is the need for energy that these facilities require in order to pressurize the required water. The use of photovoltaic generation contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Food produced in this region tends to have guaranteed markets in Europe and, geographically, due to the high quality of phytosanitary controls and traceability during their marketing, their optimal cultivation, and selection and labelling is verified, specifying valuable information such as: collection date, origin, the use of organic fertilizers among others. To maintain market access, it is important to continue implementing other environmental improvements, i.e., reductions in either hydro or carbon footprints. Previous studies have failed to include the prospect of environmental use of isolated facilities to replace existing consumption, seeking the monetarization of the facility as well as prioritizing the reduction of GHG. Previous studies have failed to include the perspective of environmental use of isolated photovoltaic installations, based on existing consumption, thus, going beyond the monetarization of the facility, to prioritize the reduction of GHG applied in practice by environmentally sensitized farmers. This study was conducted in an existing facility with great technical complexity and three different sources of water supply, over 1500 plots and an altitude range in plots and reservoirs of more than 400 m.

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