Background The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the weaknesses of health care systems around the world. In the effort to improve the monitoring of cases admitted to emergency departments, it has become increasingly necessary to adopt new innovative technological solutions in clinical practice. Currently, the continuous monitoring of vital signs is only performed in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Objective The study aimed to develop a smart system that will dynamically prioritize patients through the continuous monitoring of vital signs using a wearable biosensor device and recording of meaningful clinical records and estimate the likelihood of deterioration of each case using artificial intelligence models. Methods The data for the study were collected from the emergency department and COVID-19 inpatient unit of the Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki. The study was carried out in the framework of the COVID-X H2020 project, which was funded by the European Union. For the training of the neural network, data collection was performed from COVID-19 cases hospitalized in the respective unit. A wearable biosensor device was placed on the wrist of each patient, which recorded the primary characteristics of the visual signal related to breathing assessment. Results A total of 157 adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were recruited. Lasso penalty function was used for selecting 18 out of 48 predictors and 2 random forest–based models were implemented for comparison. The high overall performance was maintained, if not improved, by feature selection, with random forest achieving accuracies of 80.9% and 82.1% when trained using all predictors and a subset of them, respectively. Preliminary results, although affected by pandemic limitations and restrictions, were promising regarding breathing pattern recognition. Conclusions This study represents a novel approach that involves the use of machine learning methods and Edge artificial intelligence to assist the prioritization and continuous monitoring procedures of patients with COVID-19 in health departments. Although initial results appear to be promising, further studies are required to examine its actual effectiveness.

BACKGROUND The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the weaknesses of healthcare systems around the world. In the effort to improve the monitoring of cases admitted to Emergency Departments (ED), it has become increasingly necessary to adopt new innovative technological solutions in clinical practice. Currently, continuous monitoring of vital signs is only performed in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). OBJECTIVE The study aims to develop a smart system that will dynamically prioritize patients through continuous monitoring of vital signs using a wearable biosensor device and recording of meaningful clinical records, and estimate the likelihood of deterioration of each case using Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. METHODS The data for the study will be collected from the ED and COVID-19 inpatient unit of the Hippocration General Hospital of Thessaloniki. The study is carried out in the framework of the COVID-X H2020 project, funded by the European Union. For the training of the neural network, data collection will be performed from COVID-19 cases hospitalized in the respective unit. A wearable biosensor device will be placed on the wrist of each patient, which will record the primary characteristics of the visual signal related to breathing assessment. RESULTS The study will take place over a period of six (6) to eight (8) months. CONCLUSIONS The proposed study represents a novel approach of Edge AI method.