ABSTRACT:This paper provides a brief overview of one of the first spatial domain standards: a standard for the domain of Land Administration (LA). This standard is in the draft stage of development now (May 2011). The development of domain standards is a logical follow up after domain-independent standards, which are available now in the area of geo-information processing. The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) provides a conceptual schema with three basic packages with a limited scope: parties, rights (and restrictions/responsibilities) and spatial units. Certain classes are outside the scope but can be referred to. An important aspect in the development of a coherent (Spatial) Information Infrastructures -(S)II is that the various standardized domain models are reusing the same model patterns as solutions for the same situations. In this paper the LADM and its external classes are briefly presented. It outlines the advantages of standardized domain models in the development of (S)II and the importance of LA as an authentic register, in relation to other authentic registers, such as for addresses, population, companies, topography, or buildings. This will be illustrated with the Dutch case of authentic registers.
In 2011, the Namibian parliament presented and promulgated the Namibian Spatial Data Infrastructure (NamSDI) with the aim of promoting the sharing and improved access and use of geospatial data and services across Namibia. Notable SDI models, developed from the enterprise, information and computational viewpoints of the Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP), comprise direct and indirect roles of stakeholders and special cases of each general role in an SDI. Hence, the International Cartographic Association (ICA) model was used to identify the stakeholders in and around NamSDI, which is still at the infancy stage of development. The application of a high-level ICA model proved to be relevant and useful in discriminating and categorizing Nam-SDI stakeholders according to their roles and vested interests. Some stakeholders, such as official government mapping agencies, assume multiple roles, while others, such as database administrators, are not yet active. In the absence of baseline data and given the infancy status of NamSDI, attributes such as skills, capacity of producers and service providers, were not considered. Modelling NamSDI stakeholders in the context of ICA's stakeholder model contributed significantly to a better understanding of NamSDI stakeholder types and subtypes and pointed out gaps that may hinder its successful and effective implementation.
La lutte contre le crime en Afrique du Sud : réalisations cartographiques. — Cet article présente quelques exemples de réalisations (cartographie numérique) faites en Afrique du Sud, notamment par le SAPS (South African Police Service) qui dispose de bases de données et d’outils analytiques. Il s’agit de réalisations destinées à améliorer la lutte contre le crime et susceptibles d’être utilisées devant un tribunal.
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