Eye tracking has a deep-rooted history in the field of medical and psychological research study as a method for investigating human visual behavior. It is a reliable and nonintrusive technology which opened up innovative approaches of solving problems or getting insightful data, but also emerging as a new filed of research. Due to recent technological advances, eye tracking technology has revolutionized human technology interaction. Even though, many practical issues exist concerning the use of eye tracking as an input device in human-computer interaction (HCI), this method is progressively used in user research, usability evaluation, user interface design, user experience design and in many other everyday applications and products. The objective of this research paper is to present potential indicators and their significance to measure cognitive load within the frame of human-computer interaction. We discussedvarious eye movement metrics and indicators which can be employed to measure cognitive load in the context of HCI research.

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Usage of smartphones and tablets have been increasing rapidly with multi-touch interaction and powerful configurations. Performing tasks on mobile phones become more complex as people age, thereby increasing their cognitive workload. In this context, we conducted an eye tracking study with 50 participants between the age of 20 to 60 years and above, living in Bangalore, India. This paper focuses on visual nature of interaction with mobile user interfaces. The study aims to investigate how aging affects user experience on mobile phones while performing complex tasks, and estimate cognitive workload using eye tracking metrics. The study consisted of five tasks that were performed on an android mobile phone under naturalistic scenarios using eye tracking glasses. We recorded ocular parameters like fixation rate, saccadic rate, average fixation duration, maximum fixation duration and standard deviation of pupil dilation for left and right eyes respectively for each participant. Results from our study show that aging has a bigger effect on performance of using mobile phones irrespective of any complex task given to them. We noted that, participants aged between 50 to 60+ years had difficulties in completing tasks and showed increased cognitive workload. They took longer fixation duration to complete tasks which involved copy-paste operations. Further, we identifed design implications and provided design recommendations for designers and manufacturers.

India is placed as fastest growing countries in the world. In response to the rapid population growth, it is essential to understand the factors affecting ageing population in human-computer interaction (HCI). The usage of smartphones and tablet devices have been increasing rapidly with multi-touch interaction and powerful configuration. Though number of research studies done to analyze user behaviour, they are not adequately focused on aging population as potential users. In India, majority of the smartphone users never used older technologies and they are directly exposed to newer technologies and interfaces. In this context, we have conducted eye-tracking study with 50 participants between the age of 20 to 60 above and living in Bangalore, India. The inclusion criteria followed in our study include literacy and android phone users. The study aims at age-related differences in user behaviour while performing tasks on mobile applications. The study consists of five tasks to be performed on the android phone under naturalistic scenarios by each participant, wearing eye tracking glasses. The activities were recorded for each participant all five tasks. The results our study show differences in the information search behaviours among different age groups. Also, we noted that the tasks that were familiar to aging participants reported better performance and unfamiliar tasks were perceived as complex and unsuccessful.

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