Background: Persistent infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been the main cause of squamous intra epithelial neoplasia which in turn leads to cancer. The incidence is 28.0%. Early identification of dysplasia and malignancy helps early intervention.Methods: To do Immunohistochemical staining using P16ink4a, Ki 67, and P63 in cervical squamous metaplasia, CIN I, II, III and correlate the H and E features with IHC patterns. Study was carried out in SRM Medical College Hospital and Research centre, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, a descriptive study for a period of 2 years (2012 to 2014) on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues from cervix. H and E sections of uterine cervix were categorized into squamous metaplasia, CIN I, CIN II, CIN III and squamous cell carcinoma. 50 representative samples were subjected to Four-micrometer-thick sections and subjected to IHC using PathInsitu, using P16ink4a, Ki67 and P63. Statistics: Using SPSS for windows (V.17). Data expressed by number and percentage. Methods used were Chi square test, Screening test and ROC curve. Statistical significance was 0.05.Results: P63 has shown to be the best marker out of the three to distinguish the progression of a lesion towards dysplasia and malignancy in cervix. Ki 67 showed a specificity of 84.2% with a negative predictive value of 59.3%, and an ROC curve area of 69.2%. In this study, Ki67 showed lesser sensitivity than that of P63.Conclusions: P16 identifies HPV 16 infection in uterine cervix. Ki67 and P 63 are helpful in determining the nature of progression of lesion. High expression of Ki 67 indicates a neoplastic progression. P63 may be used to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. P16 with P63 showed good results in predicting the progression of a lesion.

Background: Depression in adolescents and young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus has been associated with poor glycemic control and recurrent hospitalizations. The World Health Organization-Five Well- being index (WHO-5) is a simple, short and positively worded screening method to assess the level of emotional well-being and has been validated for use in adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus. Aims and objectives to assess the psychological well-being in adolescents and young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus using the WHO-5 well-being index. To estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression in type-1 diabetes mellitus using the major (ICD-10) depression inventory (MDI-ICD-10) of the psychiatric research unit.Methods: Study was a prospective study. Cases were patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus who attended the “Juvenile Diabetic Club” in CMC Ludhiana consisting of children and adolescents. Controls were healthy age matched adolescents within the family of the patients. Informed consent was taken, and they were asked to fill up the structured WHO-5 Well-being index (version 1998) questionnaire and the WHO-Major (ICD-10) Depression Inventory (MDI-ICD-10) questionnaire.Results: 36 patients were chosen for the study. There were 20 boys and 16 girls. 12 (33.3%) patients (diabetic group) had scores indicating poor well- being. P value is 0.0455, statistically significant. Among the healthy control (non- diabetic group), all of them had a scores suggesting good well- being.Conclusions: 33% of the diabetic children are depressed compared to the non-diabetic candidates in whom none are depressed.

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Introduction: It is a common clinical condition-encountered by the otorhinolaryngologist. Key clinical areas of epistaxis are the Little's area and the 'Woodruff's plexus. Little's area lies in the anteroinferior part of septum; a common site of anterior epistaxis in children and young adults [2] . Woodruff s plexus lies just inferior to the posterior end of inferior turbinate; gives rise to posterior, epistaxis in adults [3] . The causes of epistaxis are numerous which can be divided into local and general causes. Common local causes are Trauma, Infections, Foreign bodies, Deviated nasal septum, Neoplasms. General causes are Hypertension, Blood dyscrasias, Chronic liver disorders, Chronic kidney diseases, Overuse of salicylates and anticoagulants. Aim: To study the etiopathogenesis, age and sex distribution of epistaxis. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the ENT department of Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari district in a time period from January 2020 to September 2020. Fifty patients of both sexes and all age groups presenting with epistaxis are included in this study. The study was conducted after obtaining the clearance from Institutional Human Ethical Committee. Study design: Prospective descriptive study. Results and Analysis: The incidence of epistaxis was 1.2%. It was more common in males. The age incidence was more in the first and second decades and then increased from the fifth decade onwards with almost 48% cases belonging to this category. The seasonal incidence was more during cold, dry, winter months (64%). The commonest etiological factor was trauma (48%), followed by the hypertension (22%). The causes for epistaxis in the first and second decades were trauma, infection and septal abnormalities. Hypertension, trauma and neoplasms accounted for the cases from fourth decade onwards. Conclusion:The conclusions drawn from this study are as follows: Epistaxis is a common clinical condition encountered by the otorhino-laryngologist. It is prevalent in the 1 st and 2 nd decade and once again the age incidence increases from the 5 th decade onwards. It is found to be more common in males than females. It occurs frequently in cold and dry climate. The common causes epistaxis are trauma and hypertention.

Pleomorphic lipoma/ spindle cell lipoma accounts for 15 % of lipoma within extremities, confining to the superficial plain comprising lower dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Intramuscular presentation in extrimities is a rare presentation. Here is a case of deep seated pleomorphic lipoma, of forearm, both on fine needle aspiration, biopsy and IHC confirmation. 100% of benign cases of lipoma are positive for CD 34, as stated in many studies and was also positive in our case.