The synthesis and characterisation of new trans 2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl pyridinium, imidazolium and quinoilinium iodides is reported together with their solvatochromic shifts and EFISH characterization. 2-{(E)-2-[5'-(dibutylamino)-2,2'-bithien-5-yl]vinyl}-1-methyl pyridinium and quinolinium iodides display high μ.β(vec) values up to 1200 × 10(-48) esu. The promising non-linear optical (NLO) properties of this new family of chromophores, which can be further improved by the design of highly efficient systems exploiting the donor and acceptor properties of both heteroaromatic rings and substituents, make them suitable candidates for second harmonic generation imaging with interesting biological applications.

Introduction: The prevalence of malnutrition among adolescent girls is high in India. Malnutritionhas long term effects on the physical and mental health of adolescents. Objectives: To find out theprevalence of underweight, overweight and stunting and correlate with a dietary pattern, socio-demographic profile and prevalence of clinical anemia and signs of vitamin and mineral deficiency.Method: This is a community-based cross-sectional observational study conducted for 1 year (Jan2019 – Dec 2019), including a total of 480 adolescent girls who were attending government highschool. Observations and Result: 480 girls were interviewed. As per WHO nutritional measurementcriteria, adolescent girls were classified as per their anthropometric criteria, 50.63% of girls weremoderately stunted and 7.29% had severe stunting. 7.29% of girls were in the category of severethinness, 36.04% had thinness and 9.37% were overweight. 28.12% had conjunctival pallor(anaemia), 4.80% had dental caries, 1.46% had vitamin B complex deficiency and 1.04% had signsof vitamin A deficiency. Conclusion: More than half of the (57.92%) late adolescent school girlswere stunted, 43.33% were having some form of thinness and 28.12% had clinical anaemia.Effective implementation of government programs such as the RKSK and Sabla Yojana program willbe a paradigm shift from the existing clinic-based services to promotion and prevention and reachingadolescents in their environment, such as in schools, families and communities. Skills-basednutrition education for the family and effective infection control and routine health assessment ofschool-going girls should be done.

Present study was focused on the assessment of water of various water bodies in and around Bhopal. In this study water quality of Upper Lake, Kolar reservoir, Lower Lake, Shahpura Lake and Halali dam was assessed for a period of two years. Heavy metals i.e. copper and lead were studied during the study.

We propose new strategies to increase and control molecular second-order nonlinearities, byusing photoswitching processes or plasmonic resonance. First, we report on reversible switching of nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, based on the use of dipolar or octupolar metal complexes containing photochromic ligands like dithienylethene (DTE) derivatives. DTE undergo a reversible interconversion between a non-conjugated open form and a π-conjugated closed form. A strong relative change of the quadratic molecular nonlinearity upon visible light exposure (more than one order of magnitude) is evidenced by second harmonic generation experiments. This process is fully reversible. On another hand, we explore the quadratic NLO properties of highly NLO dyes (stilbazolium derivatives) grafted onto the surface of gold nanoparticles (NP). In spite of the fact that the plasmon resonance wavelength of gold NPs lies far from that of the second harmonic signal at 820 nm, a significant increase of the nonlinear response of this dye (when linked to a gold nanoparticle) due to surface Plasmon resonance with gold NPs is shown by Harmonic Light Scattering at 1.64 µm. The nature of the linker has a significant influence of hyperpolarizability values, and a similar, but weaker enhancement effect, is also reported in the case of dye/NP mixtures.