The response of double-faced wrap-around reinforced soil retaining walls subjected to strip loading on the surface has been studied by conducting small-scale model laboratory tests. Model reinforced soil walls were constructed using Kalpi sand as backfill material and geotextiles as reinforcing elements. In the present study, two different multifilament geotextiles were used. Strip loading was applied at the centrally placed footing on the surface of the wrap-around reinforced soil walls. The influence of the number of reinforcing layers and overlap length on load deformation behaviour, ultimate bearing pressure and initial tangent modulus of the footings on double-faced reinforced soil walls was studied. The lateral deformations of wrap-around wall facing with settlement of the footing are also presented.

Breast cancer is gradually becoming the most common type of cancer in women. Axillary lymph node dissection is a key component of surgical management of breast cancer. Axillary lymph node dissection is however associated with several complications such as oedema of upper limb, decreased movements at the shoulder and paraesthesia of the medial arm and axilla. One of the most common sequelae of axillary lymph node dissection is seroma formation, which delays recovery and increases morbidity. To effectively manage this complication, it is paramount to understand the aetiology of seroma formation. AIMS AND OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the composition of axillary drainage fluid in terms of total protein, albumin, globulin and lipid content and to study the change in composition of drainage fluid with prolonged drainage. MATERIAL AND METHODS30 patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy were evaluated in terms of axillary drain fluid output, total protein, albumin, globulin, cell counts, lipid profile (Cholesterol, HDL, LDL) and culture and sensitivity of axillary drain fluid on post-operative day 3, 5 and 7. RESULTSAxillary fluid is inflammatory in origin up to day 5. On day 7, the inflammation abates and the fluid becomes lymphatic. Prolonged axillary drainage has no relation to BMI.

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a powder-based layer-by-layer manufacturing technique to produce metallic customized shape components. The exceptionally high thermal gradient induces residual stress and distorts the part geometry affecting the yield quality. Computational models are instrumental in optimizing the process controls to fabricate high-quality components, and hence several such methods have been explored to simulate the thermal behavior of the process and the heat transfer in the melt-pool. Most of the practiced techniques are computationally expensive, making it infeasible to perform a parametric study. Based on closed-form exact heat conduction solution and Finite Volume Method (FVM), a pseudo-analytical thermal modeling approach has been employed to estimate the melt-pool characteristics and temperature distribution of the SLM process. A moving volumetric Gaussian heat source laser model and Green’s function have been adopted to model the heat input by conduction. The heat loss by conduction and convection has been calculated by implementing Finite Volume discretized equations on a 2-dimensional thin-walled domain with appropriate part boundary conditions. Additionally, the Alternating Direction Implicit iterative technique has been implemented for the fast convergence of the simulation. The model is used to demonstrate the influence of the process parameters and non-linear material phase change for a single-line single layer and multilayer part fabrication. The computed melt-pool dimensions and temperature distribution for varying laser-power, scanning velocity, and layer thickness for Ti6Al4V are validated with the experimental data from the literature with fair agreements.