Introduction: The prevalence of thyroid diseases is enormous in general population of India and more common in women than men. Although the World Health Organization assessment status has classified India as having optimal iodine nutrition in 2004, hypothyroidism still contributes significantly to burden of thyroid disorders in India. The prevalence of thyroid diseases varies according to different geographical areas, age, and sex. The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of thyroid lesions in surgically resected specimens in urban industrial area and to study their histomorphological features. Materials and Methods: The 430 patients in whom partial or complete surgical resection of thyroid was done were included in the study. The histomorphological features were studied in detail and correlated with clinical findings. Results: The majority of thyroid specimens (90.71%) were total thyroidectomies. More than half, i.e., 54.65% (n = 235) of the thyroidectomies were done in 3rd and 4th decade. The 85.11% (n = 366) were female patients. The multinodular goiter was the commonest etiology (n = 341) for thyroidectomy. The follicular adenoma (n = 25) and the papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 20) were common neoplastic lesion. Conclusion: The thyroid lesions in females more often require surgical intervention as compared to males. The 31–50 years is the most common age group who require surgical intervention. The substantial number of younger females in the age group of 16–30 years requires surgical intervention. The multinodular goiter due to iodine deficiency appears to be most common cause of thyroidectomy. The early diagnosis and proper therapy is the key for reducing the thyroidectomies in younger females.

Gastrointestinal lipomatosis is less frequent condition and it differs from lipoma due to the lack of capsule. The most common location of gastrointestinal lipomatosis is colon, followed by the ileum and jejunum. Isolated lipomatosis of the appendix is rare. It can be diffuse, asymmetric, or focal. In the localized form, only few patients present with symptoms. Obstruction of the lumen of the appendix is thought to be the primary pathology of appendicitis. Various pathologies such as hard fecal mass, stones, lymphoid hyperplasia, and neoplasia have been implicated. Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen due to isolated submucosal lipomatosis of the appendix is extremely rare. It can be one of the causes of appendicitis. Although radiological modalities such as ultrasonography, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging are used for diagnostic workups, definitive diagnosis requires histopathological examination.

Introduction: Synovium is the soft tissue that lines the spaces of diarthrodial joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae derived from the ectoderm consisting of two components, predominantly a cellular layer, and a second layer made up of fibrous and adipose tissues. Chondrocytes being elements of hyaline cartilage secrete degenerative enzymes in inactive forms and enrich the matrix with enzyme inhibitors. Synovial lesions are characterized by the destruction of hyaline cartilage, due to the activation of degenerative enzymes and decreasing the production of their inhibitors. Materials and methods: It’s a retrospective study of 104 synovial biopsies received in 5 years at a tertiary care hospital. Synovial biopsies were obtained mainly by the open method and a few by the arthroscopic method. Lesions were classified into infective, degenerative, inflammatory, benign, tumor, and tumor-like lesions. Results: Out of 104 lesions, ganglion cyst was commonest 45 cases [43.26%] followed by chronic non-specific synovitis was 15 cases [14.42%], baker’s cyst was 11 cases [10.57%], giant tumor cells of tendon sheath was 09[8.65%], few cases such as tubercular synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis, lipoma arborescens was 2 cases each [1.92%], one case each of septic arthritis, synovial cavernous hemangioma, villonodular synovitis were also noted. The most common age group affected was 31-40 years of age [20.19 %]. Males was predominantly affected in our study [50.96%] Conclusion: Many synovial lesions show similar clinical presentation so histopathological classification is useful to identify its subtypes and the study of synovial biopsy is useful in the diagnosis of various joint diseases.

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is an extremely rare low–grade neoplasm. It occurs either sporadically or with tuberous sclerosis complex. Sporadic type usually affects women in reproductive age group. The patient usually gives a history of dyspnea of long duration. With characteristic clinical findings including high-resolution computed tomography findings, a diagnosis of pulmonary LAM can be suspected. Histopathology findings in some cases can be subtle. Cells of LAM consistently express smooth muscle markers such as smooth muscle actin and desmin on immunohistochemistry. Cells also express melanocytic marker such as HMB-45, Melan-A, and microphthalmia transcription factor. Due to the scarcity of reports on morphological features in pulmonary LAM, we are tempted to report morphological features of lungs in a 36-year-old female who successfully underwent bilateral lung and heart transplant at a tertiary care center.