Providing security to the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is one of the demanding and critical tasks in recent days, due to its dynamic nature. For this reason, the various routing protocols and security mechanisms are developed for the traditional networks. Nonetheless, it still lacks the limitation of increased computational complexity, inefficient security, reduced throughput, and increased delay. To solve these problems, this paper developed a new system, namely, Secure Cryptography based Clustering Mechanism (SCCM) for MANET. It comprised the following stages: secure routing, encryption, signature generation, signature verification, and decryption. After forming the network, the connection between the mobile nodes was formed. After that, the secured routing was created between the source and destination by implementing the AOMDV routing protocol. Then, the original packet was converted into an unknown format by employing an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) encryption mechanism. Consequently, the signature for the encrypted packet was generated and forwarded to the destination via the Region Head (RH) and other gateway nodes. When the destination node received the packet, it performed the signature verification process for verifying whether the packet is valid or invalid.  If it were valid, the receiver would accept the data and decrypt it by using the ECC decryption mechanism; otherwise, it would reject the packet and report to the base station. The simulation results evaluated the performance of the proposed security mechanism by using various measures and compared it with other techniques for proving the superiority.

Mobile ad hoc network consists of a group of mobile nodes that can communicate with each other without any infrastructure. Clustering of the mobile nodes ensures efficient use of available bandwidth and high network throughput. Various clustering schemes are developed to improve the energy efficiency and lifetime of the network. However, there is an increase in the energy consumption with the increase in the number of clusters for forwarding data. This paper presents an energy-efficient clustering approach for collaborative data forwarding in mobile ad hoc network. The cluster head (CH) is selected based on the processing capability of the nodes and link connection metrics. The CH receives the data from the server and forwards the data to the member nodes at a corresponding data rate of the nodes. Data offloading technique manages the data traffic in the network. The CH rejoining approach enables load balancing in the network. The proposed clustering approach achieves a significant reduction in the energy consumption and data traffic and improvement in the throughput rate through stable routing.KEYWORDS clustering, collaborative data forwarding, data offloading, data traffic management, mobile ad hoc network (MANET) | INTRODUCTIONMobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring network of mobile nodes that are connected through wireless links. In this type of network, each device acts as a host as well as a router. Moreover, it can be quickly deployed and reconfigured, even the communication infrastructure is unavailable. The MANET faces many challenges such as the mobility of the hosts, dynamic topology, multi-hop transmission, limited bandwidth, and battery power. Figure 1 shows the heterogeneous MANET architecture that includes various mobile devices with diverse communication capabilities. The range of radio communication, battery lifetime, and the data transmission rate are the major communication capabilities. The limited amount of mobile devices participation in heterogeneous network has the lowest communication capabilities. The important consideration to construct the heterogeneous MANET is the minimum power consumption and improves the lifetime of the network. The assignment of routing load to the powerful nodes with the necessary communication capabilities depends on the heterogeneity nature. The main focus in the design of the ad hoc networks is the development of a dynamic routing protocol to find an efficient communication path between 2 nodes. For energyefficient routing and organized data communication, the network is distributed into controllable entities called as clusters. Inside the cluster, the node that coordinates or controls the cluster activities is called as cluster head (CH). The CH provides all the services to the other nodes. Rest of the nodes in the cluster is known as cluster member nodes.Each member node has direct access to the CH to forward the data to the CH. The CH forwards the data from the

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Mobile ad hoc networks are highly dynamic leading to frequent disconnections and changing topologies. Energy and stability of power limited nodes also needs to be managed while designing the protocol. Clustering helps in reducing the problem of network congestion due to information overhead in large sized networks. Multipath routing helps in balancing the load and node failures in a dynamic environment. This paper proposes a new multipath, energy-aware and stable routing protocol – Weighted Multipath Energy-aware Clustered Stable routing protocol (WMECS) , which uses weighted approach in clustered mobile adhoc networks. In this, both cluster head as well as path selection is done using an optimal energy and mobility model. This helps in attaining stable and energy efficient network with prolonged lifetime. The energy model considers various energy metrics like transmission power, drain rate and Power load to reduce the energy consumption. We have also considered Gauss-Markov Mobility Model to attain a stable network. Multipath selection is done based on a weighted metric that considers energy and mobility coefficients. System is implemented using Opnet. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has better performance when compared with other related protocols like Split Multipath Routing (SMR) , Cluster based Multipath Routing (CBMRP) and Energy-aware multipath routing (EMRP) in terms of Energy Consumption, Network Lifetime and end to end delay.

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