Wireless Sensor networks composed of enormous number of micro-sensors are capable of fetching and transporting different types of data to sink. The deployment of sensor nodes need a battery back-up necessary for its normal functioning but practically it becomes impossible for any network to exchange the batteries at regular intervals of time. Therefore, routing protocols having higher energy efficiency are being used primarily to enhance the life expectancy of network. Traditional LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) incorporated in Wireless Sensor Networks employs Time Division Multiplexing Access intended for transmission of data from multiple number of nodes to cluster heads and finally from cluster head to base station. In our proposed work, we apply "labels" to each data packet in order to fix the priority bits and then route these priority set packets to the cluster head and then fused data-cells are routed to the base station using multiprotocol label switching tunneling algorithm. Using the MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) routing in LEACH will transform it into multi-hop which will reduce the average energy dissipation of cluster head in each cluster and results incrementing the life-time of network. Relay Nodes that are higher power nodes are used to collect and send the data from cluster head to sink in order to decrement the energy loss in each cluster head.

Recent advancements in Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) based technology has brought transformation in next generation computer networking by enhancing Traffic Engineering (TE) features and Quality of Service (QoS) service parameters. Nowadays traffic management is successfully controlled by MPLS technology especially in case of underutilized or over-utilized links. The main dissimilarity between Internet Protocol (IP) and MPLS lies in the complexity of routing or switching look-up tables that seem to be less complex in latter type of networks.MPLS network tunneling is relied on a QoS routing algorithm thereby establishing a bandwidth guaranteed and less delay paths from source to destination. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm named Hybrid MPLS Tunneling Algorithm (HMTA) which comprises of bandwidth and delay differentiation techniques as well as on the basis of priority bits contained in each data packet is proposed which improves QoS routing of MPLS networks.In proposed algorithm, the differentiation of links is based on the threshold values of bandwidth and delaywhich is also named as the link state information. The link differentiation is done to reduce the blocking probability and number of times QoS state exchangestake place resulting in increment of QoS overheads. In order to improve the performance, this new approach is using high priority bits to accurately transmit the data-labeled or content-labeled packets to its destination by using the simulation tool MATLAB to perform the experiments. Finally, the simulation experiments demonstrate that proposed approach results in less blocking probability, high utilized bandwidth, lower packet loss, high network utilization with minimal delay.

Sensor nodes deployed in wireless sensor network have restrained battery power so the network lifetime is a paramount factor. Hence, energy efficient routing protocol should be adopted to increase the network life expectancy. PEGASIS is one of the best fundamental chain based hierarchical routing protocols which can be hired to lessen the energy diminution in the network. This paper describes a Multichain based Hybrid Routing Protocol (MHRP)which adopts a joint strategy of multi-chain concept and pre-chain leader (P-CL) selection procedure to realize the increased node lifetime in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The multi-chain concept aims to balance the network overhead due to less number of nodes comparatively in chains. It also minimizes data delivery delay in order to improve the network performance. The pre-chain leader modifies the greedy algorithm and aims to balance the workload of head node selected among the entire node by adopting another leader node in case when head node is far away from sink node. Simulation analysis shows that we achieve better overall performance of the network by using these two concepts in our hybrid protocol and can be used to attain delayintolerant applications.