Introduction: Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is one of the most distressing maternal morbidities. It is a physically and socially disabling obstetric complication that affects many women annually. It has a devastating social, economic and psychological effect on the health and well-being of the affected women. The aim of the study was to find out awareness regarding vesicovaginal fistula among women.  Material and Method: Descriptive study design was used for the study to find out awareness regarding vesicovaginal fistula. Hundred women were selected as the study sample by non purposive and snow ball sampling technique. Pretested semi structured interview schedule was used for data collection and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings of the study revealed that 81% and 100% of women knew that delivery by non skilled and wetting under garments is risk factor and symptom of VVF. 82% and 73% of women knew that VVF is preventable and curable respectively. 58% of women had knowledge that women can become pregnant in case of VVF and 47 % knew that VVF can be reoccurred. Out of 73 women, 23% knew that surgery as the treatment of VVF. Forty nine percentage of women had answered regarding family and social misbehave and depression (5%) being social consequences of VVF.   Seventy percentage of women answered that cervicitis is complication of VVF.  Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study half of the women had low knowledge regarding VVF. So, it is recommended to organize continue awareness program to the women regarding VVF.

Introduction: There is need of early assessment and high quality nursing care for high risk neonates to reduce morbidity and mortality. Knowledge assessment is the pivotal step in assessing the status of patients' care given by the nurses. Researcher sought to assess level of knowledge regarding care of high risk neonates among nurses in selected hospitals in outreach Nepal.  Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the knowledge regarding assessment of high risk neonates among fifty five nurses selected through non probability enumerative method. The data was collected by using self- administered semi-structured knowledge questionnaire and was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 16.  Results: The findings of the study revealed that more than half (58.18%) of the nurses had high level of knowledge regarding assessment of high risk neonates.  Conclusion Based on the study findings, it is concluded that more than half of the respondents in the study had high level of knowledge regarding assessment of high risk neonates. Beside this, the respondents have good knowledge pertaining to predisposing factors, diagnostic tools, initial clinical assessment, preventive measures, management of high risk neonates and definition of preterm, post-term, low birth weight neonates. Respondents had low level of knowledge for clinical characteristics of small for gestational age neonates as well as clinical parameters of high risk neonates. Hence, there is utmost need to give in-service education to the nurses in order to achieve the quest to improve their knowledge relating to care of high risk neonates.

INTRODUCTION: Newborn health is closely related to that of their mothers. The simple indicators of the mother like haemoglobin level, height, weight, gestational age of the mother will give the first hand information of deviated health of the neonates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive correlation study was conducted to assess the impact of physical health status of antenatal mothers on their neonates, 170 antenatal mothers and their born neonates were selected by using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interview schedule, observation of record review and measurement of physical health parameters were used for data collection.  A descriptive and inferential statistics were used to investigate the relationships between the variables of antenatal mothers with their neonates with SPSS software version 16. RESULTS: The study findings revealed that the weight of the neonates has statistically significant correlation with the maternal weight, height, hemoglobin and maternal gestational weeks; length of the neonates has statistically significant correlation with the maternal height, maternal weight and maternal age; Gestational age (Ballard score) with the maternal gestational weeks and neonates birth weight; neonates head circumference has statistically significant with the maternal height, gestational weeks and maternal weight; chest circumference of the neonates has statistically significant with the maternal height and maternal weight. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that there was a significant correlation between the selected maternal weight, height, hemoglobin and gestational weeks with neonatal weight; maternal height, weight, age with neonatal length, head circumference, chest circumference and maternal gestational weeks with neonate gestation age by Ballard score.

INTRODUCTION Nursing education consists of the theoretical and practical training provided to nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as nursing care professionals. The scope of nursing practice reflects all the role and responsibilities undertaken by the nurse to address the full range of human experiences and responses to health and illness. The instructional strategies utilized in both didactic and clinical components of nursing education courses are highly influential in determining critical thinking and clinical decision making ability as well as in developing the psychomotor skill performance of new graduates. Simulation provides nursing students with opportunities to practice their clinical and decision-making skills through various real-life situational experiences. Although endorsed in nursing curricula, its effectiveness is largely unknown.

INTRODUCTION Maternal and child mortality is a global issue which could be prevented by the utilization of maternal and child health (MCH) services. The main objective of this study was to find out the utilization of MCH services among women admitted in maternity ward of a hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to find out the utilization of MCH services among 150 women admitted in maternity ward of a hospital. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample and semi- structured interview schedule was used to collect the data and collected data was analyzed with SPSS version 16. RESULTS The study showed that 100% of the women had utilized antenatal services, 98.67% delivered their baby in health centres and utilized postnatal services. During pregnancy, women got health education on danger signs (66.67%), avoidance of sexual intercourse (54%), and birth preparedness (44%). Cent percent of the children utilized at least one child health services, 80% were breastfed within hour of birth, and 93.24% of women were not aware of administration of vitamin K to their newborn. Ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, age at marriage, gravida, parity, history of abortion or child death and number of live children of women, education and occupation of spouses were significantly associated (p<0.05) with utilization of maternal health services. CONCLUSION It is recommended that nurses and health personnel should provide health education focusing on birth preparedness, danger signs of mother and baby, and should inform about administration of vitamin K to mother.