Successful fruit set in coconut depends on several reproductive processes including pollen quality, pollen germination percentage (%PG) and pollen tube growth processes. Three preliminary experiments were conducted at the Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka to quantify the response of in vitro pollen germination in coconut to time of incubation, the response of in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth to temperature and to determine the cardinal temperatures (T min , T opt , T max) of coconut varieties for in vitro pollen germination. Pollen was collected from palms of six cultivars / varieties expressing variable tolerance to abiotic stresses. Pollen germination and pollen tube length were recorded after incubation in artificial growth media at the respective treatments. For pollen collected during October / November periods, cultivars differed for in-vitro pollen germination percentage with a mean values of 23%. The mean cardinal temperatures (T min , T opt , T max) averaged over cultivars were 20.0 ºC, 28.0 ºC, and 38.8 ºC, respectively, for pollen germination. The information generated in this study will be tested in different seasons of the year for consistency and used to develop a heat tolerance index for coconut. This index will be used to identify coconut varieties suitable for high-temperature prone areas. In addition, the identified cardinal temperatures and response functions could be incorporated into process-based coconut models to increase prediction accuracy under current extreme and projected future climates.
Background: The study investigates the pharmaceutical care concept to optimize drug therapy, minimize drug related problems and thereby improving health related quality of life (HRQoL) of stroke patients. Since stroke is a major health problem that negatively affects the patient's quality of life, it is relevant to the current pharmaceutical care scenario in a developing country like India. HRQoL related to stroke and life satisfaction after stroke is the important healthcare measures. Methodology: Prospective interventional study conducted among inpatients of neurology department in a tertiary care referral hospital. 128 Patients with TIA/ischemic stroke were allocated to intervention group and control group (64 in each group). Pharmaceutical care was provided to the patients in the intervention group. SF-36 questionnaire was administered to both control group and interventional group to evaluate the patient's HRQoL. Adherence to entire therapy and antithrombotic therapy in both control group and intervention group were assessed using Morisky Medication Adherence Scales MMAS-8. Results: Prevalence of ischemic stroke was more compared to hemorrhagic stroke. During the study, the intervention group showed high adherence to overall therapy than the control group. With an intensified pharmaceutical care, improvement in the HRQoL was observed in intervention group and was manifested in subscales and summary measures of SF-36. Conclusion: The study enables demonstration and application of a pharmaceutical care program among stroke patients to prevent complications to improve HRQoL. This study indicates that pharmaceutical care can be performed in both hospital and community settings as it provides more benefit and positive impact on patient'HRQoL.
Plants from the genus Passiflora have been chronicled in folk medicine. The leaf extract of Passiflora edulis has established its antiglycation property in vitro. Therefore this study aims to calibrate the extend of hypoglycemic property of P. edulis leaf extract and further provides a suitable alternative for prevention and control of hyperglycemic complications. A pre-post interventional community study was conducted in 41 type 2 DM patients by monitoring the fasting blood sugar level before and after administration of Passiflora edulis leaves extract for a period of 1 month. The mean plasma glucose level before the intervention was 193.44 mg/dl and during the intervention, it was reduced to 121.71 mg/dl that indicated a reduction of 37.1%. The paired 't' test using the mean values showed a strong evidence (t = 11.775, p < 0.001) for a significantly high reduction in the sugar level. The study indicates that the intake of P. edulis leaf extract suggests a remarkable reduction in blood sugar level during a four-week period in type 2 diabetic patients.
The study evaluated the non structural carbohydrate reserves in vegetative organs and vegetative and reproductive growth rates of a 25 year old Tall x Tall coconut (Cocos nucifera L) during the peak season of coconut yield (May/June) under S 2 and S 4 Land Suitability Classes (LSC) in three Agro Ecological Regions (WL 3 , IL 1a and DL 3 ). Trunk (inner and outer), root (new roots and mature roots) and leaf samples (petiole, leaf blade and leaf ekel from 9 th , 14 th and 22 nd fronds) were collected, total soluble sugars (TSS) and starch concentrations were analyzed and TSS and starch reserves at palm level were estimated. Growth rate of trunk and leaves (vegetative) and developing nuts of all bunches of a palm (reproductive) were measured.The highest (3.86 kg month -1 ) and the lowest (0.81 kg month -1 ) reproductive growth rates and the highest (3.8 kg month -1 ) and the lowest (2.1 kg month -1 ) vegetative growth rates were found in the palms grown under S 2 and S 4 LSC in the DL 3 , respectively. There was a constant vegetative growth rate of 3.3 kg month -1 for the palms in WL 3 and IL 1a irrespective of the AER or LSC. The most dominant nonstructural reserve substance in the vegetative organs of coconut was soluble sugars (TSS) and the starch concentration was approximately half the TSS concentration in all vegetative parts irrespective of the AER or the LSC. TSS and starch showed a marked pattern of distribution, with highest concentration in trunk (114-134 mg g -1 TSS and 60-83 mg g -1 starch), intermediate in leaves (69-117 mg g -1 TSS and 33-69 mg g -1 starch) and lowest in roots (22-79 mg g -1 TSS and 17-33 mg g -1 starch). The highest TSS and starch reserves in leaf compartments (kg per palm) were found in the S 2 -grown palms of the DL 3 which had the highest reproductive and vegetative growth rates during May-June season.
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