ABSTRACT.Purpose: Universal eye screening of neonates is currently not standard of care. Early detection of abnormalities could offer prompt management and a reduction in visual morbidity. We report a pilot study using wide-field digital imaging to screen all infants at birth to explore its feasibility as a tool for universal screening. Methods: Consecutively enrolled 1021 term infants in a public hospital were imaged within 72 hr of birth using the Retcam shuttle (Clarity MSI, USA). Anterior and dilated posterior segment images were obtained. Infants with abnormal images were examined clinically, and medical or surgical treatment was given when needed, at no cost to the family. Results: Of the 1021 healthy full-term newborns, 48 babies had abnormal findings (4.7%). Retinal haemorrhages were the most common (52.1%) abnormality of which 24% were macular. A 'ridge' resembling retinopathy of prematurity in both eyes constituted 18.8% of all abnormalities. Nine infants (18.8% of abnormalities and 0.9% overall) had conditions meriting medical or surgical intervention and would have been missed otherwise. Seven of these nine babies (0.7%) needed medical attention with a systemic work-up for conditions such as posterior uveitis with linear perivasculitis, salt and pepper retinopathy or posterior synechia. Two of nine babies (0.2%) required surgical intervention for unilateral cataract and retinoblastoma. Conclusion: Universal eye screening of all neonates using wide-field digital imaging is possible and safe. Extrapolating our results to the national scenario, we estimate that 226 950 infants requiring treatment would go undiagnosed annually. Universal infant eye imaging strategies must receive serious national consideration.

BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that the association between depression and subsequent cardiovascular events is largely mediated by health behaviors. However, it is unclear whether depression is the cause or the consequence of poor health behaviors. PURPOSE To examine prospective, bidirectional relationships of depressive symptoms with behavioral and lifestyle factors among patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS Depressive symptoms and lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, medication adherence, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, sleep quality, and smoking status) were assessed at baseline and 5 years later among a prospective cohort of 667 patients with stable coronary heart disease. RESULTS Greater depressive symptoms at baseline predicted poorer lifestyle behaviors 5 years later (less physical activity, lower medication adherence, higher body mass index, higher waist-to-hip ratio, worse sleep quality, and smoking). After adjustment for demographics, cardiac disease severity, comorbidity, and baseline lifestyle behaviors, depressive symptom severity remained predictive of subsequent worsening of physical activity (beta = −0.08; 95% CI= −0.16, −0.01; p = 0.03), medication adherence (beta = −0.16; 95% CI= −0.24, −0.08; p < 0.001), and sleep quality (beta = −0.19; 95% CI = −0.27, −0.11; p < 0.001). Baseline lifestyle behaviors also predicted 5-year change in depressive symptoms, although the associations were attenuated after adjustment for baseline depressive symptoms and covariates. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with coronary heart disease, depressive symptoms were linked to a range of lifestyle risk factors and predicted further declines in physical activity, medication adherence, and sleep quality.

This study demonstrates that the two-staged laser procedure produces fewer and smaller hemorrhages and no fibrosis compared with a single session. Both methods have comparable favorable outcomes in Asian Indian infants.

Adaptive optics is a relatively new tool that is available to ophthalmologists for study of cellular level details. In addition to the axial resolution provided by the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, adaptive optics provides an excellent lateral resolution, enabling visualization of the photoreceptors, blood vessels and details of the optic nerve head. We attempt a mini review of the current role of adaptive optics in retinal imaging. PubMed search was performed with key words Adaptive optics OR Retina OR Retinal imaging. Conference abstracts were searched from the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) and American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) meetings. In total, 261 relevant publications and 389 conference abstracts were identified.