Background: Proteinuria is a major component of preeclampsia. Urine protein measurement after 24 hour urine collection is the traditional standard method for the detection of proteinuria. It is time consuming. As an alternative, random spot sampling for a urine protein to creatinine ratio has been investigated. Objective: Screening for preeclampsia by urine albumin to creatinine ratio. Methods: The study was conducted on 202 antenatal women with gestational age 16-18 weeks. Specimens for measuring protein to creatinine ratio are obtained. Urine albumin was estimated by Bromocresol green assay and urine creatinine level was estimated by modified Jaff's reaction. Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio of 0.2 or more was considered to be abnormal. Results: Out of 202 women 30 women had urine albumin creatinine ratio > 0.2 and 12 (40%) developed preeclampsia while out of 160 women with urine albumin to creatinine ratio <0.2 only 4 (2.5%) developed preeclampsia. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the test were 75%, 89.6%, 40% and 97.5% respectively. Conclusion: Spot urinary albumin to creatinine ratio is a reasonable rule out test for significant proteinuria. The Albumin to creatinine ratio is highly predictive to detect proteinuria and can be used as a rapid alternative test.

Background: Cervical and breast cancer are commonest cancer among Indian females. Timely screening through simple methods can prevent advanced stage of disease, thereby preventing mortality. Updated knowledge about available standard preventive methods have a huge impact in improving the acceptance and thus increasing the percentage of screened, vaccinated and treated population. Objective were to evaluate and compare knowledge, attitude and practices about cervical and breast cancer among paramedics and hospital visitors at tertiary care teaching institute.Methods: 100 participants; 50 each of paramedics and hospital visitors of Swaroop Rani hospital Prayagraj were assessed for knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cervical and breast cancer using predesigned questionnaire.Results: The 100% of paramedics had heard about cervical and breast cancer while among hospital visitors only 66% had heard about cervical cancer and 78% about breast cancer. Regarding in depth knowledge of symptomatology paramedics had higher percentage for both cervical and breast cancer. The knowledge of cervical and breast cancer screening methods was significantly higher among paramedics as compared to hospital visitors. Positive attitude regarding cervical and breast cancer was 60% and 74% among paramedics while 26% and 16% among hospital visitors. Both groups showed poor practice (34%,42% among paramedics while 12% and 6% in hospital visitors).Conclusions: Despite various focused programs on cancer awareness and preventive strategies being run already significant differences were observed in knowledge, attitude and practice of paramedics and hospital visitors. Although the knowledge was good among paramedic’s gap was seen in attitude and practice that warrants the need of focusing on awareness generation through different platforms.

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