Detectors (sensor) having detection capability ranging from visible to near-infrared region are very much required for multi-color image sensor, necessary for next generation bio-medical, bio-chem(ical), and security applications. The capability of using broadband detection in a single sensor would help to receive real-time imaging not detectable using today's CCD or CMOS sensor. We proposed a detector structure as a single sensor element (pixel) having the detection capability ranging from visible to 1.7 m, wavelengths requiring in bio-chem, biomedical cell detection and security application. This invited paper has two-fold objectives: (a) provide a comprehensive overview of conventional photo detectors array (focal-plan array) and their types, being used in today's imaging, and (b) introduce a development of multi-color detector array (image sensor) which authors pioneered. The features of proposed multi-color detector are simple structure, low-cost, high quantum efficiency, high sensitivity, and high speed. Performance results so far attained will be presented along with its possible applications.

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One method of producing on-demand hydrogen for fuel cells is through the use of aluminum which reacts with water under certain conditions to produce hydrogen. This process can be used for applications as small as portable handheld devices, onboard generation for vehicles, or as large as a hydrogen refueling center. However, the utilization of aluminum for generating on-demand hydrogen is critically dependent on the control of the rate of hydrogen generation from the reaction. Experiments with micron and nano-sized aluminum powder are described in this work and the effects of particle size, reagent quantities, temperature and solution concentration on the hydrogen generation rate and total yield are analyzed and quantified. Regression models are developed and yield and rate predictions are confirmed. In general, aluminum nanoparticles are found to have poorer hydrogen yields, but marginally faster reaction rates as compared to micron particles.