Problem statement:The last decade has seen many prominent Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks on high profile webservers. In this study, we deal with DDoS attacks by proposing a dynamic reactive defense system using an adaptive Spin Lock Rate control (D3SLR). D3SLR identifies malicious traffic flow towards a target system based on the volume of traffic flowing towards the victim machine. Approach: The proposed scheme uses a divide and conquer approach to identify the infected interface via which malicious traffic are received and selectively implements rate limiting based on the source of traffic flow towards victim and type of packet rather than a collective rate limiting on flow towards victim. Results: The results observed in simulation shows that D3SLR detects the onset of the attacks very early and reacts to the threat by rate limiting the malicious flow. The spin lock rate control adapts quickly to any changes in the rate of flow. Conclusion: D3SLR can be successfully implemented at critical points in the network as autonomous defense systems working independently to limit damage to the victim and also allows legitimate flows towards the target system with a higher degree of accuracy.

Introduction: A country's health is measured in terms of infant mortality. The neonatal care was revolutionized after the inception of NHM. The reduction in mortality can be achieved by systematic approach to common diseases prevailing in the area and by applying the uniform treatment protocol to bring down the mortality. So, this study aims at identifying the morbidity and mortality pattern in a tertiary care referral center. Methodology: Hospital data based retrospective study from Jan' 2016 to Dec' 2017. Results: Total of 7108 neonates was analyzed. Male: female ratio was 1.25:1. Low birth weight babies accounted 48.91% and pre-term babies around 54.63%. Of this predominant were late preterm babies. Jaundice requiring photo therapy (21.97%) topped the list of morbidities followed by sepsis (19.27%) and respiratory distress (7.86%). Sepsis (24.93%), RDS (19.95%) and birth asphyxia (18.95%) were the leading causes of mortality. Overall mortality in this study was 11.28%. Conclusion: Hyper bilirubinemia, Sepsis and respiratory distress syndrome were the leading causes of morbidity. Neonatal sepsis can be prevented by enforcing strict hand hygiene and aseptic protocols. Low birth weight and prematurity were the significant contributors to morbidity and mortality. Hence antenatal programs to prevent prematurity and low birth weight babies should be strengthened.

Introduction: A human milk bank (HMB) systematically collects, screens, processes, and dispenses excess milk donated by healthy nursing mothers. First HMB of Asia was established in the year 1989 in Mumbai, but there are still insufficient milk banks in India. Objective: This study aimed to provide our experience in the past 1 year. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the HMB of a tertiary care institution. The data were collected from donor forms and other milk bank records in the milk bank. All the demographic details and bacteriological data were collected. Results: There were 1168 donors with no extramural donors. Of these, 882 donors had term babies and 286 had preterm babies. The mean age of the donor population was 23.53±3.27 years. On the analysis of the volume of milk donated, the mean volume was 77.62±51.26 ml. A total of 90,660 ml of human milk was collected during the study period of 1 year. The bacteriological culture of the donor milk showed growth in 42 (3.6%) samples and was discarded. Klebsiella (2.39%) was the most common organism followed by Escherichia coli (0.44%) and Staphylococcus (0.35%). There were 1424 recipients and about 74% of them, were preterm babies. There were no extramural recipients. Conclusion: For a large number of preterm babies and the neonates without breast milk in India, pasteurized donor human milk will be the best source of nutrition. Hence, number of HMBs will improve the neonatal survival and reduce the morbidity.

No abstract