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This article analyzes the current research on drip irrigation for the efficient use of water resources caused by increasing global warming, examines their various designs, advantages, disadvantages, and low-pressure drops created at the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Mechanization Engineers. Irrigation method was applied on apple sort of “golden” in the meadow gray soils of the Tashkent region according to the mechanical composition of sandy loam soils. With the use of an apple orchard, water savings and high productivity have been achieved.

Global warming in the arid region is currently exacerbating water scarcity. The use of groundwater for crop irrigation is one of the major problems in the world. In this context, the use of rivers and ponds with varying degrees of mineralization is especially important for the irrigation of crops. About 300 km3/year of collector-drainage water (CDW) is formed in the world, which causes great damage to the economy and nature of all countries of the world. In this regard, one of the important tasks is the development of measures for the reuse of collector-drainage water for irrigation, the first demineralization, and disinfection, or their use in combination with river water. To solve these problems, a neutron-active analysis of the composition of the soil and trace elements were studied, as well as the dynamics of the distribution of water in the active soil layer to determine the patterns of water absorption in active soil during irrigation based on a new innovative method of nuclear physics and irrigation of cotton plantations with the addition of drainage water and as a result of which, there was provided the efficiency of water use and increase the productivity.

The article discusses the formulation and solution of scientific, theoretical, and practical problems in the field of land reclamation of irrigated lands in general and, in particular, the protection of land reclamation facilities and the territory of cities and settlements from the effects of groundwater. In the Aral Sea basin, due to the intensive commissioning of new irrigated areas and various types of hydraulic structures (reservoir, village storage, canals, etc.), on a large scale, there is a violation of the natural laws of the regime and balance of groundwater. As a result of the hydrotechnical impact on water resources, the usual “losses” affecting the water balance and runoff, in the initial stage of their formation, cause processes such as flooding and flooding of adjacent territories, excessive wetting of non-irrigated lands and worsen the operation of reclamation projects. The open collector-drainage network existing around the land reclamation projects and cities does not provide a normal outflow of groundwater; its maintenance into a working and sanitary state requires large capital expenditures. High groundwater level with high salinity leads to the destruction of the basement of buildings and structures, the complete flooding of groundwater communications, the death of green spaces. According to some available data, losses incurred from exposure to aggressive groundwater in a number of cities in Uzbekistan range from 2.5 to 10 million dollars. The objects of reclamation control are established depending on the main factor determining the reclamation state of irrigated lands, on the degree of their natural drained. Essential criteria for determining the relationship of groundwater with soil – soils and their influence on the reclamation state of irrigated lands are the depth of groundwater table and the degree of mineralization, as well as their seasonal and long-term regime. The presented dissertation is devoted to the study of this insufficiently solved problem. Scientific and technical solutions to this problem are considered on the example of the built-up areas of irrigated areas of the Republic of Uzbekistan, where there are problems of engineering protection from the negative effects of groundwater.

In the Address to the people of Kazakhstan dated January 30, 2017, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan emphasized the need for technological modernization of economic sectors. In connection with this task, the Government of the Republic adopted the State Program for the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021, aimed at solving urgent problems of the water sector of the economy [1]. The reason for climate change is the dynamic processes on Earth, external influences, such as fluctuations in the intensity of solar radiation, and, more recently, human activities. The article presents a study assessing the water resources of the Asa River. Water intake and water supply, formation and occurrence of groundwater level, condition of collector-drainage water, mineralization. The article given methods and solutions for the disposal of water resources.