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In recent years, a number of studies had been performed to investigate the effect of pore water chemistry on the strength and compressibility characteristics of soil. Although the effect of chloride and sulfates salts separately in pore fluids on the geotechnical properties of soil seems to be well understood, but the influence of combined effect of sulfates and chlorides in pore water on the behavior of soil is still unclear mostly due to the limited numbers of studies as well as the complexity of processes that may occur in soil (with the presence of salts) in pore water-soil interaction. Southern regions of Iraq, especially Basra suffers from low water levels in the summer season in addition to the lack of rain water, which causes a significant increase of salt in the Shatt al Arab. Water salinity continues to increase with time. To investigate the combined impacts of water salinity on the behavior of clayey soils, the basic characteristics of the soil brought from Al-Nahrawan site was studied. Chemical methods were done with three types of water (distilled, water of highly saline as Shatt Al-Arab water and water of Tarmiya as moderate saline water). The effect of water salinity on the geotechnical properties of fine grain soil was investigated. Different laboratory tests such as Atterberg limits, standard compaction, consolidation and shear strength of soil .Results showed that the presence of perceptible amounts of dissolved salts in water can lead to changes in the engineering properties of the soil.

The study examined the effect of bearing capacity of soil on the relative compaction by taking samples from different sites and carrying out strength experiments and comparing bearing capacity with the relative compaction to investigate the possibility of reducing the percentage of the approved measurements in the specifications of the percentages allowed for buildings with fixed load. A number of parameters have been prepared to calculate the amount of the degree of measurement to be adopted and the light tolerance required in any engineering work and for various factor of safety and non-compliance with specifications, which require in most cases to be the degree of compaction more than 95%. Linear regression equation between bearing capacity and relative compaction was proposed that can be applied without complying with required specification.

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