Viruses require a host for replication and survival and hence are subjected to host immunological pressures. The complement system, a crucial first response of the host immune system, is effective in targeting viruses and virus-infected cells, and boosting the antiviral innate and acquired immune responses. Thus, the system imposes a strong selection pressure on viruses. Consequently, viruses have evolved multiple countermeasures against host complement. A major mechanism employed by viruses to subvert the complement system is encoding proteins that target complement. Since viruses have limited genome size, most of these proteins are multifunctional in nature. In this review, we provide up to date information on the structure and complement regulatory functions of various viral proteins.

Nutraceuticals and functional foods are increasing in popularity in the recent years. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) has emerged as functional food ingredient in market and is very well known for its prebiotic properties. Hence, there is a growing need for extensive research on usage and extraction of Fructooligosaccharides. In this study, organic wastes namely onion waste and spoilt wheat have been explored for its potential use in extraction of FOS. The extraction was done using ethanol and optimization was done by considering different initial raw material weights. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) confirmed the presence of FOS in the extracts.

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Collaboration literally means "working together"-colaboring, not just co-talking. Collaboration tools cannot just be about better knowledge sharing; they need to improve the speed and effectiveness of people's efforts, getting things done in a timely and effective manner, execute tasks, communications, tracks progress, and achieves goals, no matter where the team members are located. This makes suitable for decentralized companies operating in more than one location. The research analysis was to be done by comparing all the available tool. This project has been aimed to identify the most suitable collaborative tool for the company to use both economically & efficiently. This included advanced research on KPIs, dashboard, normalization, comparison, ease of use. KeywordsKPI, Collaborative Tools, Trello, Wrike, MeisterTask, ProjectPlace ZOHODropbox Integration, Hourly tasks, subtasks, GitHub Integration, Document Management are the highlights one can find in Zoho. DAPULSEPersonal, Public Boards, email notifications, progress display, sharable board are the special attractions of Dapulse.