Using first-principles calculations, the structural, electronic, and optical properties of CO 2 , CO, N 2 O, CH 4 , H 2 , N 2 , O 2 , NH 3 , acetone, and ethanol molecules adsorbed on a diazine monolayer were studied to develop the application potential of the diazine monolayer as a room-temperature gas sensor for detecting acetone, ethanol, and NH 3 . We found that these molecules are all physically adsorbed on the diazine monolayer with weak adsorption strength and charge transfer between the molecules and the monolayer, but the physisorption of only NH 3 , acetone, and ethanol remarkably modified the electronic properties of the diazine monolayer, especially for the obvious change in electric conductivity, showing that the diazine monolayer is highly sensitive to acetone, NH 3 , and ethanol. Further, the adsorption of NH 3 , acetone, and ethanol molecules remarkably modifies, in varying degrees, the optical properties of the diazine monolayer, such as work function, absorption coefficient, and the reflectivity, whereas adsorption of other molecules has infinitesimal influence. The different adsorption behaviors and influences of the electronic and optical properties of molecules on the monolayer show that the diazine monolayer has high selectivity to NH 3 , acetone, and ethanol. The recovery time of NH 3 , acetone, and ethanol molecules is, respectively, 1.2 μs, 7.7 μs, and 0.11 ms at 300 K. Thus, the diazine monolayer has a high application potential as a room-temperature acetone, ethanol, and NH 3 sensor with high performance (high selectivity and sensitivity, and rapid recovery time).

Salt-induced aggregation is a convenient method for obtaining chains of Au nanoparticles, but it only applies to small nanoparticles (< 15 nm) and often with branched and globular aggregates as...

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For most nanoparticles, the synthetic environment usually differs from the application environment, making phase transfer a critical bottleneck in the exploration of nanotechnology. Herein, a general phase transfer method by using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and an intermediate solvent is demonstrated. A variety of nanoparticles can be transferred into different media, such as water, polar organic solvent, nonpolar solvent, and polymer precursor, while maintaining their colloidal stability. In the traditional methods of two‐phase transfer, the initial solvent is a powerful competitor, which greatly limits the window of applicable conditions. A two‐step approach where the incubation with the intermediate solvent removes the initial solvent and allows sufficient time for ligand exchange is designed. This avoids the complications caused by partial ligand exchange at the limited area of the interface. Such a method of general phase transfer to different solvents and the understanding of the underlying mechanism would broaden the application of nanomaterials.