Increasing
attention focuses on the relationship between neuroinflammation
and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The reports on the microbiota–gut–brain
axis reveal that the regulation by gut microbiota is an effective
way to intervene in neuroinflammation-related AD. In this study, two
novel selenium peptides (Se-Ps), VPRKL(Se)M (Se-P1)
and RYNA(Se)MNDYT (Se-P2), with neuroprotection effects
were obtained from Se-enriched Cordyceps militaris. Se-P1 and Se-P2 pre-protection led to a 30 and 33% increase in
the PC-12 cell viability compared to the damage group, respectively.
Moreover, Se-Ps exhibited a significant pre-protection against LPS-induced
inflammatory and oxidative stress in the colon and brain by inhibiting
the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (p <
0.05) and malondialdehyde, as well as promoting anti-inflammatory
cytokine level and antioxidant enzyme activity (p < 0.05), which may alleviate the cognitive impairment in LPS-injured
mice (p < 0.05). Se-Ps not only repaired the intestinal
mucosa damage of LPS-injured mice but also had a positive effect on
gut microbiota dysbacteriosis by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Alistipes and decreasing the abundance of Akkermansia and Bacteroides. Collectively, the
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regulating properties on gut microflora
of Se-Ps contribute to their neuroprotection, supporting that Se-Ps
could be a promising dietary supplement in the prevention and/or treatment
of AD.
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