The Diophantine equation p^x + (p + 2q)^y = z^2 , where p, q and p + 2q are prime numbers, is studied widely. Many authors give q as an explicit prime number and investigate the positive integer solutions and some conditions for non-existence of positive integer solutions. In this work, we gather some conditions for odd prime numbers p and q for showing that the Diophantine equation p^x + (p + 2q)^y = z^2 has no positive integer solution. Moreover, many examples of Diophantine equations with no positive integer solution are illustrated.

No abstract

The main result is to show one application of rank-1 preservers by classifying additive adjugate-commuting preservers between difference square matrix spaces, which is another proof.