Introduction Described as a global epidemic, overweight and obesity could soon overwhelm both developed and developing countries [1, 2]. In 2014, 39% of adults were overweight, and 11% of men and 15% of women were obese [3]. In sub-Saharan Africa, where approximately 35% of adult women are either overweight or obese, overweight and obesity are estimated to increase by about 35% within the next 10 years at a rate of about 25% per year [4, 5]. The reasons for this rapid growth include globalization, increase in wealth and urbanization that leads to changes in food supply systems, changes in diets, declining levels of physical activity, and changes in the gut microbiome [6]. Furthermore, the health and economic implications of overweight or obesity are severe, since they constitute a major risk factor for many non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like arthritis, cancers, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, which were leading major causes of death in 2012 [7, 8]. In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3.4 million deaths, 3.9% of years of life loss, and 3.8% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally [9]. Peeters et al. concluded that obesity in adulthood is associated with a decrease in life expectancy of about seven years, in both men and women, and is a powerful predictor of death at older ages [10]. Estimates of non-communicable disease-related mortality in Africa indicate that there were approximately 2.1 million deaths in 2010, up by 46% from 1990 and most are associated with obesity [11]. Current projections indicate that the largest increase in non-communicable disease-related deaths will occur in Africa by 2020 and by 2030, and these deaths are projected to exceed the combined deaths from communicable and nutritional diseases, and maternal and perinatal deaths [7]. Concerning the economic implications, the costs generated by obesity

Background: Doctors should portray examples of health behavior for the population. Doctors are often confronted with financial and social problems that make it sometimes difficult to work in the public and private sectors. This pressure of the workload has repercussions on their health, behavior and family. The aim of our study was to describe physician health behavior. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in sight and took part to the University Hospital of Treichville. Our sample consisted of 120 physicians selected randomly from different services. Results: The physicians were mainly male (79%) and had an average age of 46 years. 53% of them were overweight. They had some activities outside of their services (83%) principally in private clinics (95%). 81. 7% of them were affirming not to spend enough time with their families. Among the surveyed physicians, 67. 5% did not practice sports, 38.9% did not use any means of protection against mosquito bites in their homes. 48. 3% brush their teeth, but only in the morning, 41.7% had no vaccine record, 82.5% did not do any annual medical checkup , (25%) did not do their HIV screening test. Most of them adopted risky sexual behavior, meaning that they had multiple sexual partners (56.4%) and had sex with casual partners (53. 8%). More than half of the physicians (55%) used to drink alcohol; among them, only 12.1% was planning to stop drinking. In the case of illness, 77. 5% would practice self-medication while 37.8% would often resort to traditional medicines. In addition, 46.7% of the physicians were declared to be bad in term of observing dosage and treatment duration. Conclusion: These results underline the need to develop strategies for health promotion with regard to the physicians.

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The Womb neck cancer is the second cancer of women worldwide after the breast cancer. This high mortality rate is due to the ignorance of the womb neck cancer and its prevention methods. Midwives play a major role in the detection and prevention of women common cancer especially the womb neck cancer which they are knowledgeable. But does this knowledge have an impact on their personal practices in prevention of the womb neck cancer? The present study was to describe the preventive conduct of the midwives concerning thewomb neck cancer. This transversal descriptive study has been carried out from February to April 2012 in the health district of Yopougon East. It was with all the midwives working in the public health facilities of the first contact of the district. In total, fifty midwives were interviewed. The data collection has been performed with the use a pretested questionnaire, and the data were recorded and analyzed with the help of Epi Info 2000 software version 6.04. The results were as followed: the minimum age of the midwives was 41. More than the third have been working for one to five years with an average of thirteen years of work experience. The majority lived in couple (60%). Concerning the womb neck cancer prevention methods, 59% had knowledge of the vaccination against HPV and 87% the cervical smear. However, only a midwife has been vaccinated against HPV and more than three-fourth (76%) had never done a cervical smear though the risk factors existed among some of them. Factors like the early sexual intercourse (≤ 17 years) (26%) and the multi sexual partners (6.7%).

Introduction : En Afrique subsaharienne, notamment au Burundi, le recours au test de dépistage du VIH, qui est fondamental pour initier un traitement, est relativement faible. La présente étude vise à identifier les déterminants liés au recours au test de dépistage du VIH chez les femmes en âge de procréer dans ce pays. Matériels et méthodes : Il s’agit d’une analyse de données secondaires provenant des Enquêtes de Démographie et de Santé 2016-2017 du Burundi. Notre population cible était les femmes âgées de 15 à 49 ans. Les données ont été analysées avec le logiciel stata 15.1. La régression logistique binaire multiniveau a permis d’identifier les déterminants individuels et contextuels du recours au test de dépistage du VIH/sida chez ces femmes. Résultats : Sur un total de 8 537 femmes incluses dans cette étude, 17,63 % étaient âgées entre 15 et 24 ans, 46,44 % entre 25 et 34 ans et 35,93 % entre 35 et 49 ans. Les déterminants individuels du recours au test de dépistage VIH étaient l’âge, le niveau d’éducation, la parité, le statut marital, le pouvoir décisionnel et la fréquence d’écoute radiophonique. Notons que 1,36 % du recours au test du VIH était imputable au niveau région, et le milieu de résidence était une variable importante du contexte. Conclusion : Le recours au test de dépistage du VIH est influencé par les facteurs individuels et contextuels dont la prise en compte est indispensable à l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre de programme de lutte contre le VIH au Burundi.