ResumenEl trabajo presenta la implementación de un simulador quirúrgico virtual para operaciones de laparoscopia utilizando asistentes robóticos. Para este tipo de simuladores son necesarios tres robots: un robot portaendoscopio (en este caso se utiliza un robot Hibou) y dos robots quirúrgicos (en este caso un robot Lapbot y un robot tipo PA-10). Los tres robots son manejados por joystick en un ejercicio de extracción de vesícula biliar (colecistectomía), y se incluyen en el ejercicio algoritmos de deformación que modifican los órganos al contacto del órgano terminal del robot PA-10, imprimiéndole mayor realismo al simulador. Los resultados proporcionan la base de un simulador quirúrgico utilizando tres robots asistenciales, en un ejercicio común en laparoscopia, ideal para el entrenamiento de nuevos cirujanos.Palabras clave: laparoscopia, modelado de robots, robot virtual, robótica quirúrgica, simulador quirúrgico. AbstractThis paper shows the implementation of a PA-10

Abstract-In this paper we present a multi-agent coordination algorithm suitable for systems with aircraft-like kinematic constraints. A model of a system of input-constrained nonholonomic agents is constructed, suitable for use with formal verification tools. The agents considered are uniform and have bounded velocities and limited turning capabilities. We demonstrate how a model checker can be used to generate a counterexample trace for such a system, usable as a trajectory that satisfies our safety and liveness requirements.

Abstract-This paper introduces a hybrid control scheme for steering a non-holonomic agent with limited sensing capabilities and input constraints through a stationary but unknown workspace, occupied by arbitrarily shaped obstacles. The considered constraints (i.e. constant linear and bounded angular velocities) apply to a wide category of vehicle systems. Limited sensing is realized by a radially bounded sensing device. The proposed hybrid controller respects the kinematic constraints while guaranteeing obstacle avoidance and convergence to a specified goal configuration. In addition to the analytical guarantees, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid control scheme through non-trivial computer simulations.

Motivated primarily by the problem of UAV coordination, in this paper we address the problem of coordination of a non-homogeneous group of non-holonomic agents with input constraints. In the first part of the paper, we develop a modeling framework for heterogeneous multi-agent systems that is based on timed automata. To this extent, an appropriate abstraction of the agents' workspace from our previous works is extended to three-dimensional space, by utilizing hexagonal prisms. The low level agent details are abstracted by virtue of appropriate controllers to motion primitives that can be performed in the individual workspace cells. The resulting models of the non-homogeneous system capture the non-holonomic behavior and the input constraints imposed by the considered systems. In the second part of this paper, we use the developed models in conjunction with formal verification tools to verify the safety and liveness properties of the system, captured by Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) specifications. Using counterexample guided search, we obtain trajectories that satisfy spatio-temporal specifications. Finally, we simulate two casestudies for two and three-dimensional workspaces respectively.