Estimations using the inverse conduction approach to predict temperature and heat flux at the exposed surface leads to indirect measurement away from the exposed surface within the solid. The approach is extremely useful when access to direct measurements is not possible due to various working conditions, thereby provides estimates without disturbing the flow under the real flow condition over the surface. The approach is useful not only for the heat transfer applications but also for numerous engineering applications including fluid mechanics and furnace applications. The approach requires the time history of effective parameters to be known at the strategic locations away from the exposed surface. In the present paper a review of sequential development of various inverse heat conduction methods have been presented to get solutions in different geometries.

The CCR (Continuous Catalytic Reforming) Platforming™ process is Honeywell UOP’s technology to convert low octane naphtha to high octane fuel or petrochemical feedstock such as aromatics. It is accomplished in a hydrogen atmosphere at elevated temperature and pressure across a platinum containing catalyst. The process flow is routed through heaters, blowers and coolers between reactors to maintain the heat of reaction. This article captures the procedure of selecting a suitable expansion joint for absorbing thermal movement between two important pieces of CCR equipment — the regeneration cooler and regeneration blower. It shows the design calculations of a universal hinged expansion joint operating at 0.14 MPa and 593°C in a pipe of 762mm diameter. The joint contains 5 single-ply INCOLOY 800H bellows with unreinforced convolutions. Design calculations of the expansion joint have been carried out using formulae prescribed in the Expansion Joints Manufacturers Association (EJMA) standard. Since it is difficult to quantify stresses using a movement test, the EJMA calculations have been verified against finite element analysis results of the bellows.