The study was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory at the Date Palm Research Center, University of Basrah. Using the date palm callus, Shukar cultivar, obtained from culturing the apical and axillary buds in sterile artificial nutrient media, to determine the effect of adding (0, 25, 50, 75) μM concentrations of Jasmonic acid (JA) to the MS media supplemented with several concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 200) mM were added, on the growth response and morphological development of callus after four months of cultivation in the propagation media. Results showed a significant decrease in growth characteristics in response to an increase in salt level, without the degree of callus browning that’s increased with the increase in the level of sodium chloride, especially at the two levels (100, 200) mM. Results showed also that the addition of Jasmonic acid to the saline treatments greatly enhanced the growth parameters of culture callus, as the rate of biomass, water content, relative growth rate, and the number of somatic embryos generated. as well as the degree of browning decreased significantly according to the levels of sodium chloride and the concentrations of added Jasmonic acid. The study demonstrated the effective role of exogenous addition of Jasmonic acid in vitro culture systems in enhancing stress tolerance of cells and tissues cultured in saline media.

No abstract

A study was conducted on the effect of heat stress on some biochemical characteristics of the leaves of the tissue date palm variety Berhi and the role of adding sulfur (S) and spraying with glutathione (GSH) in alleviating the damage from heat stress. Five-year-old palm trees of approximately equal sizes were selected and planted in a private orchard south of Basrah Governorate, Iraq. And conducted the same service operations of fertilization and watering.The following treatments were applied to date palm trees, as agricultural sulfur was added at a concentration of (0, 1, and 2) kg/tree, and glutathione at a concentration of (0, 100, and 200) mg/liter as well as their interactions. The results showed that the highest values with a significant effect for the traits (glutathione and chlorophyll) and the lowest value for a significant decrease in the traits (proline, carbohydrates, hydrogen peroxide and MDA) was for treatment (2 kg S x 200 mg/L GSH) recorded (45.92 μmol g-1 and 6.38 mg 100 g-1). and (4.51 μmol g/g, 10.66 mg/gm, 0.62 μmol g, and 1.94 nmol/gm), respectively, compared with the control treatment that recorded (40.10 μmol g/g and 3.36 mg/gm), and (11.19 μmol g/g, 14.02 mg/gm and 1.06 μmol/g. g and 4.27 nmol/g) respectively for the previous treatments. The results of the current study showed that the addition of sulfur and glutathione helped reduce the damage caused by heat stress and improve biological processes and growth.