PurposeDrawing on the knowledge-based view (KBV), the study investigates the impact of entrepreneurial leadership (EL) on knowledge management (KM) processes and further examines the mediating role of KM processes on the linkage between EL and project success (PS).Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from 304 project workers in software projects, and the proposed relationships were assessed through SMART-PLS structural equation modeling tool.FindingsThe study found a significant impact of EL on KM processes and PS. The analysis also revealed that KM processes significantly impact project success while EL impact PS indirectly through KM processes.Originality/valueThe relevancy of the research stems from the scarcity of research on EL, while studies on the role of leadership as a predictor of KM are significantly limited. Additionally, there is a scarcity of research on the impact of KM on project success. This is one of the earliest studies that investigate the inter-relationship among EL, KM processes and project success.

Background Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level is a good indicator of important pathological stages in patients with chronic liver diseases. This study aims to investigate the alpha-fetoprotein level in male and female patients and to correlate it with other liver functions tests (LFTs), such as ALT, AST, total albumin and total protein. Methods A total of 100 patients within the age range 20-85 years who visited Shaukat Khanum Laboratory in Lahore were recruited for this study. Automated chemiluminicence microparticle immuno assay and immulite 2000 (CMIA, siemens USA) were used to measure serum AFP level. To measure serum ALT and AST, Architect 8200 kit (Abbott, USA) was used with a reference range of 0-50 U/L, according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Results Out of the total 100 samples (55 males, 45 females), 47 samples (47%) had normal AFP level (<5IU/l) and 53 samples (53%) had high AFP level (>5IU/l). A higher frequency of elevated AFP was observed in men at 60.38%. There was no significant correlation of AFP level with ALT (p= 0.38, r2= 0.002), T.P. (P. value= 0.7635 r2= 0.002) and albumin levels (p= 0.07, r2 =0.041). However, a significant correlation was found between AFP and AST levels (p= 0.02, r2= 0.15). Conclusion Our study found a higher AFP level in older population (>60) as compared to the younger people (20-40) and a higher frequency among males (60.38%) as compared to females (39.63%). It also found that AFP level significantly correlates with AST level but does not show any association with ALT and albumin levels.

Background The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the Pakistani population has been reported previously, however, studies with a city-oriented approach and focus on age and gender distribution are very limited. Therefore, the current study was designed to unravel the age-wise and gender wise prevalence of HBV in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods A total of 350 blood samples of both male and female patients who visited National Genetic Laboratory, Lahore between February 2019 and July 2019 and who were suspected of HBV infection were screened. Sandwich based ELISA was used to detect rapid hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Real time PCR was used to detect HBV using HBV Rotor Gene PCR kit. Results Out of 350 blood samples screened for HBV infection (n= 350), 180 (51.43%) were of males and 170 (48.57%) were of females. Mean age (years) with SD (standard deviation) of the screened population was 37.22 ± 12.16 years. Overall, 224 samples (64%) were found to be positive for HBV infection. In our study, the number of females with this infection (52.24%) was slightly higher than males (47.76%). However, we observed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.225) between them. Conclusion Our study concludes that HBV is highly prevalent in Lahore, Pakistan. Females are slightly more susceptible to HBV infection as compared to males. This study also reports that HBV is more prevalent in the 20-40 age group.