Oral lipid‐based nutritional supplements (LNS) are designed to ensure dietary adequacy and to improve malnourishment in children. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 4 weeks of LNS on appetite, energy intake, and lipid profile of moderately underweight children (5–10 years old) with BMI‐Z score between −2 and − 3 SDS, recruited in a single‐blind randomized control trial. In addition to the regular dietary intake, fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, energy intake, and appetite responses were obtained before and after 4 weeks of LNS (535 kcal) or PLACEBO (92 kcal). After 4 weeks of supplementation mean energy intake (kcal) ( p < .001), body weight (kg) ( p < .001), BMI (kg/m 2 ) ( p < .01), mid‐upper arm circumference (cm) ( p < .01), total cholesterol (mg/dl) ( p < .01) and fasting glucose (mg/dl) ( p < .01) were raised significantly in the LNS group as compared to the PLACEBO group. No significant changes were detected in appetite responses (p > 0.05). In conclusion, LNS increases the overall energy intake, but does not affect the appetite but may induce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.

Objectives: The objective of the current study was to estimate the frequency of pediatric dyslipidemia in overweight and obese students of private schools in Swat. Study Design: Questionnaire based cross-sectional study. Setting: Three private schools of district Swat. Period: 6 months. Method: Study analysis was done in Research laboratories of Biochemistry Department, Institute of Basic medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University Peshawar. Well-designed questionnaires were used for screening of 99 out of 1374 students, including both girls and boys. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of serum lipids using an Automated Cobas Analyzer. SPSS version 20, Student’s t test and Logistic regression method was used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was measured to be 42.4%. A significantly direct association was found between the rate of dyslipidemia and BMI. Highly significant P values were found for serum lipids in obese children as compared to overweight children thus showing strong association between the biochemical Parameters and BMI. Even though rate of dyslipidemia was measured to be a little higher in boys as compared to girls, no statistically significant gender differences were found in serum lipid levels. Conclusion: Reduce long-term complications in adulthood is possible through controlling the serum lipid levels of children and adolescents.

To use biochemical parameters and FibroScan as noninvasive tool in determination of various stages of liver brosis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. METHODS: Total 759 participants (609 chronic HCV patients and 150 normal healthy controls) were recruited from Lady Reading hospital and Al-Hayat Medical Center, Dabgri garden, Peshawar, Pakistan and analyzed for biochemical markers from February 2015 to January 2017. On the basis of liver stiffness, 609 HCV patients were categorized in 05 groups as per FibroScan ndings that include patients with no brosis, mild brosis, moderate brosis, severe brosis and cirrhosis. Only those HCV patients who showed presence of HCV RNA (PCR assay) in serum were included in this study. HCV patients who were co-infected with Hepatitis B virus and HIV were excluded from this study. RESULTS: Advance staged disease patients with severe liver brosis and cirrhosis showed elevated level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), AST/ALT, total bilirubin and lower level of albumin and haptoglobinas compared to controls and were found statistically signicant (P<0.01). Patients group with cirrhosis showed elevated level of AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, AST/ALT and total bilirubin when compared to patients group with no liver complications and were statistically signicant (P<0.01). Albumin and haptoglobin were signicantly lower (P<0.05) in cirrhotic patients compared to those without liver complications. CONCLUSION: Combination of FibroScan and routinely available biochemical parameters are helpful in identifying liver brosis and cirrhosis in chronic HCV patients.

We are asking if your child would like to take part in a research project to find the answer to the question; Is high energy nutritional supplement helpful in improving appetite, energy intake and micronutrient status of moderate underweight children and what will be its effect on lipid profile of these children? Before you decide about your child to join in, it's important to understand why the research is being done and what it will involve for your child. Please discuss this with others and ask us any questions you may have. We will be happy to answer them. This research project is part of the higher education of