This article presents a literature review of published methods for damage identification and prediction in mechanical structures. It discusses ways which can identify and predict structural damage from dynamic response parameters such as natural frequencies, mode shapes, and vibration amplitudes. There are many structural applications in which dynamic loads are coupled with thermal loads. Hence, a review on those methods, which have discussed structural damage under coupled loads, is also presented. Structural health monitoring with other techniques such as elastic wave propagation, wavelet transform, modal parameter, and artificial intelligence are also discussed. The published research is critically analyzed and the role of dynamic response parameters in structural health monitoring is discussed. The conclusion highlights the research gaps and future research direction.

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This paper outlines various vibration-based methods for detecting and locating damage in mechanical and civil structural systems. The basic premises of these methods are that any changes in physical characteristics (mass and stiffness) of the structure will induce detectable changes in the modal properties of the structure (natural frequency, mode shape and damping). A comparative study of eight extensively used damage identification methods is done on a simulated simply supported beam to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness. The outcomes of various methods are compared in terms of damage detection and localization under single and multiple damage scenarios.