This paper provides an evaluative overview of the new venture survival literature. Since Stinchcombe's primary attempt to explain the mortality rates of new ventures, different research fields, including entrepreneurship, management and sociology, have devoted considerable attention to the antecedents of new venture survival. Despite this lively research commitment, a comprehensive review of the literature on new venture survival-as one of the most essential performance measures for new ventures-is missing. Covering 54 years of research, this paper provides an overview of the factors affecting new venture survival and highlights important methodological aspects in this research field. The review concludes by discussing opportunities for future research.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role exposure to digital fabrication technology plays in the development of students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and intentions. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 131 students enrolled in a business administration undergraduate program at a large Midwestern university in the USA. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings Results provide evidence on how exposure to and hands-on experience with digital manufacturing technology in universities can have a positive impact on students’ ESE and intentions to become entrepreneurs. Practical implications Results support initiatives by business schools and entrepreneurship programs to invest in digital manufacturing technology as they help increase students’ confidence in their technological and entrepreneurial abilities. Originality/value This is the first study that directly looks at the role that exposure to digital technology in a business and entrepreneurship education program has on students’ ESE and intentions.

This article applies social identity theory to examine how identification with social groups shapes the entrepreneurial endeavours of individuals aged 50 or over who start businesses when unemployed or under threat of redundancy. Understanding what drives older individuals to start a business as an alternative to unemployment has important policy implications: governments are interested in promoting self-employment to reduce benefits dependence among older individuals for whom finding employment in the traditional labour market can be difficult. Our exploratory analysis is based on data collected in 21 personal interviews with senior entrepreneurs in the UK who received support from an organisation dedicated to support enterprising activity among older unemployed people. Our findings suggest that income levels beyond making ends meet is not an important motive for starting a business among this demographic group. Instead, our data highlight the relevance of non-monetary self-rewards -such as pursuit of autonomy, self-realisation, and wanting to feel active, useful and valuable -for senior entrepreneurs who start businesses under adverse conditions. This finding resonates with the European Commission's policy of promoting 'active ageing'. Our analysis indicates non-monetary objectives should be included in any conceptualisation of self-interest in an entrepreneurial context.

In our paper ‘New venture survival: A review and extension’ in the International Journal of Management Reviews, we synthesized more than five decades of entrepreneurship, management and sociology research on the reasons why some new ventures survive and others fail. Based on our review and analysis, we provided an up‐to‐date systematization of the literature and a framework that includes important extensions to Stinchcombe's seminal work. Coad and Storey criticized our framework for basing venture outcome on skill—something that can be influenced by entrepreneurs and other stakeholders. In this paper, we argue that: (i) the distinction between survival and performance matters when thinking about the antecedents of these constructs; (ii) gambling is an incompatible analogy for entrepreneurship; and (iii) psychological processes cannot be ignored when studying new ventures’ survival. We also correct some points made by Coad and Storey about our findings. We encourage future studies on new venture survival to be cautious of adopting a view of venturing as a ‘game of chance’—which is, in our perspective, a potentially discouraging view for people pursuing entrepreneurship.

SUMMARYHow much is the economic value of native forest affected by the North American beaver in Tierra del Fuego? That was the question which led to determine the value given by society to forest resources affected by the introduction of the North American (or Canadian) beaver in conservation areas in Tierra del Fuego Province. The contingent valuation technique was applied and 396 persons of the economically active population from Punta Arenas and Porvenir were examined. This research found that 18.7 % of the value placed on these resources is an option value, 48.8 % corresponds to a heritage value, 17.1 % falls on the existence value and 15.5 % is attributed to their direct and indirect use values; thus, bringing its total valuation to $ 4,864,507.534 (Chilean pesos, 2011) per year.Key words: contingent valuation, compensating variation criterion, direct use value, indirect use value, non-use value. RESUMEN¿Cuál es el valor económico del bosque nativo afectado por la introducción del castor americano en Tierra del Fuego? Con tal planteamiento se determinó el valor otorgado por la sociedad, a los recursos forestales afectados por la introducción del castor americano (Castor canadensis), localizados en la provincia de Tierra del Fuego (Chile). Se utilizó como método la técnica de valoración contingente, entrevistando a 396 personas económicamente activas de las ciudades de Porvenir y Punta Arenas. De la investigación realizada, se constató que el 18,66 % del valor otorgado a estos recursos constituye un valor de opción, el 48,76 % corresponde a un valor de herencia, el 17,11 % recae sobre el valor de existencia y el 15,48 %, se atribuye al valor de su uso directo e indirecto, ascendiendo su valoración total a US$ 7.282.197 ($ 4.864.507.534; pesos de 2011) por año.Palabras clave: valoración contingente, criterio de variación compensada, valor de uso directo, valor de uso indirecto, valor de no uso. INTRODUCCIÓNLos ecosistemas forestales del archipiélago fueguino constituyen los ambientes boscosos más australes y prísti-nos del planeta, caracterizándose por su fragilidad y lenta recuperación ante cualquier perturbación dada la rigurosidad climática, insularidad y biogeografía en dicha latitud (Fesq-Martin et al. 2004).En 1946, y con el propósito de ser utilizados como materia prima en la industria peletera argentina, 25 parejas de castor americano (Castor canadensis Kuhl) provenientes de Canadá fueron introducidas y posteriormente liberadas en la isla de Tierra del Fuego (río Claro, sector noreste del lago Fagnano). Desde entonces, la especie se ha dispersado a otras islas más pequeñas y al área continental, estimán-dose su población en territorio chileno en aproximadamente 61.300 individuos al año 2006 (SAG-Magallanes 2007).Un componente en las transformaciones que sufre el medio ambiente, lo constituyen las especies invasoras, fenómeno que probablemente se verá agravado con el cambio climático y la globalización de los mercados (Mooney y Cleland 2001). Junto a ello, la internacionalización y crecimiento del volu...