Supernumerary tooth/hyperdontia is defined as those teeth which are present in excess of the usual distribution of twenty deciduous and thirty-two permanent teeth. It can be seen in both syndromic and nonsyndromic patients. In Nepalese population, prevalence of supernumerary tooth is documented to be 1.6%. To the best of our knowledge, no studies from Nepal have reported the incidence of bilateral maxillary paramolars or the combination of unilateral maxillary paramolar and distomolar till date. Hence, we are reporting these two cases with a brief review of literature to put emphasis on incidence, prevalence, proposed hypothesis for etiology, and management of supernumerary teeth.

Introduction: One of the most difficult problems in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is enamel demineralization around the brackets. This iatrogenically caused white spot lesions leads to poor esthetics; and in severe cases it may need restorative treatment. Objective: To evaluate in vivo effect of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP)-containing orthodontic composite on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets, and to compare it with the conventional resin based orthodontic composite. Materials & Method: 20 orthodontic patients planned for four first premolars extraction were selected for the study. All first premolars were bonded with Aegis Ortho, an ACP-containing orthodontic composite (experimental group), and Transbond XT, a resin-based orthodontic composite (control group). After 45 days teeth were extracted, sectioned for the microhardness group and evaluated by superficial-microhardness analysis and stereomicroscopic study. Unpaired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed. Result: The ANOVA showed statistically significant differences for position, material, depth, and their interactions (p <0.001). The multiple comparison test showed that the ACP-containing orthodontic composite was significantly more efficient than the conventional composite, reducing enamel demineralization in almost all evaluations (p <0.001). The stereomicroscopic examinations showed a lesser extent of demineralization around orthodontic brackets for the ACP-containing orthodontic composite group. Conclusion: ACP-containing orthodontic composite for bonding orthodontic brackets successfully inhibited demineralization, which was localized to the area around the brackets.

Introduction: Bonding of the teeth with brackets have eased the orthodontic procedure. However the bonding of molars is not very successful because of the occlusal force, difficulty in moisture control and age factor. Banding is usually the safe option which is again associated with gingival problems. Objective:To compare the molar band height with that of adolescent maxillary molar height. Materials & Method:A total of 33 maxillary adolescent casts and 30 average sized molar bands were retrieved from the orthodontic clinic of Kathmandu University Hospital. The height of the tooth as well as molar band were measured at 4 different points: mesio-buccal (MB), disto-buccal (DB), mesio-palatal (MP), disto-palatal (DP) and compared with independent t-test by SPSS software. p-value was kept at 0.01 for significance. Result:There is no any statistical significant difference between the tooth and band heights at MB, DB and DP points. The difference is found on only one point MP which is statistically significant. Conclusion:There is a need of separate molar bands for adolescent patients. The band dimension should be reduced occlusocervically to avoid gingival impingement.