Bladder dysfunction due to spinal cord injury has a significant impact on the overall health and quality of life of an individual. Clean intermittent catheterization is the gold standard for bladder management and is recommended due to having the lowest complication rate. Transitions from intermittent catheterization to other less optimal strategies, such as indwelling catheter, are quite common. However, the research documenting patient perspectives, and epidemiological and demographic factors related to such transition is limited. Methods: Data from patients with spinal cord injury rehabilitated with clean intermittent catheterization were collected. Demographic and epidemiological details of the patients were documented from the inpatient records. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to the values. Results: Among the 45 participants, 68.89% continued clean intermittent catheterization. In those who discontinued clean intermittent catheterization, the median duration of practicing clean intermittent catheterization was 3.5 months. The commonest difficulty among compliant patients was carrying out clean intermittent catheterization in outdoor environments due to the unavailability of toilet facilities. Urinary tract infection was the most common (17.78%) complication noted. Dependence (20.00%) was a major procedural difficulty followed by pain. Adaptations to remain continent in special conditions were diapers and condom catheters. The duration of clean intermittent catheterization practiced influenced discontinuation of clean intermittent catheterization. With an increase in the duration of clean intermittent catheterization practiced after discharge, the risk of discontinuation of clean intermittent catheterization decreased with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.773 (95% confidence interval 0.609-0.982). Conclusions: People with spinal cord injury have many challenging issues in the regulation of bladder function at their level inclusive of procedural difficulties, environmental barriers and medical complications, and understanding of which will help to establish a comprehensive and a holistic program to provide remote/community care.

Objectives: Medial knee pain is a common occurrence in people of various age groups with different conditions involving underlying structures. Ultrasound is used in assessing various complex knee pathologies as relying solely on clinical evaluation can be difficult. There are hardly any studies showing the compartmental analysis of knee pain using ultrasound. This study analyses the demographic profile and associated various ultrasonographic findings in patients with medial knee pain. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done with participants of age 18 and above with medial knee pain. Screening was done by a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation specialist in outpatient department and the ultrasonographic evaluation by a radiologist. Demographic profile and ultrasonographic findings of 46 participants were documented and studied. Results: Out of 46 participants studied, 95.65% were females. The mean age of distribution was 50.61 years and 52% of participants were overweight and 33% with obesity Class-I. Ultrasonography revealed abnormality of medial collateral ligament (45.65%), pes anserine tendon (41.30%) and bursa (4.55%), medial meniscus (36.96%), joint effusion (54.35%), and synovial hypertrophy, Baker’s cyst, and osteophytes. Conclusion: Older age, female gender, and increased body mass index are likely associated with medial knee pain with variable underlying conditions. These conditions can be differentiated with use of ultrasound by visualizing the abnormalities in underlying anatomical structures. Ultrasonography can be used with adequate knowledge and experience as a guide and tool in optimal management of wide spectrum of knee problems.

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Purpose: Pes anserinus bursitis is a commonly overlooked cause of medial knee pain. It is diagnosed clinically and involves tendons/bursa or both. Majority of studies fail to provide imaging evidence of tendon/bursal pathology in clinically diagnosed patients. This study documents the ultrasonographic findings associated with clinically diagnosed pes anserinus bursitis and correlates between clinical and positive ultrasonographic findings. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in outpatient department settings of physical medicine and rehabilitation department in participants with clinically diagnosed pes anserinus bursitis. Clinically evaluation was done by Physiatrist and ultrasonographic evaluation by a radiologist. Patient characteristics, clinical findings and ultrasonographic features were documented and studied. Results: In the evaluated 67 knees, Pes anserinus tendonitis (53.73%) with statistical significance ([Formula: see text].0001) was found on ultrasonography over bursitis (2.99%). Abnormal findings involving medial collateral ligament (38.81%), medial meniscus (26.87%), suprapatellar recess (47.76%), and other structures (17.91%) were also documented. Age, gender, body mass index, and duration had no effect on presence of positive ultrasonographic findings. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic changes of tendonitis involving pes anserinus tendons correlate with clinically diagnosed pes anserinus bursitis. The ultrasonography also helps in identifying potential sources of pain other than pes anserinus tendon or bursa in such cases.