The success of primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) can be verified on electrocardiogram through measuring ST Resolution (STR) and examination if their angiogram. Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify instances of after the primary PCI of partial STR and to investigate the characteristics associated with incomplete STR following primary PCI. Methods: At department of Interventional Cardiology of National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Karachi, Pakistan, this Descriptive Cross-sectional study was conducted. The inclusion criteria set for data collection were patients with age between 18 to 65 years of both genders presented with complain of chest pain 12 hour previously and now diagnosed with acute STEMI, and undergoing successful primary PCI were included in the study. Results: Out of 196 patients, male was 74.5% while female were 25.5%. The Mean age of patients was 52.78±7.81 years. Out of 196 patients, with acute STEMI, 35.2% (69) had Incomplete STR after a successful primary PCI. When applying chi square on study variables with Incomplete STR after a successful primary PCI was found to be not associated with patient’s baseline characteristics. Conclusions: Our research discovered that a considerable proportion of patients with STEMI have Incomplete STR after first PCI. However, no correlation between STR and baseline patient characteristics was observed

Multi-vessel coronary artery disease (MVD) has profound challenges to the revascularization system. Several investigations showed diverse forms of CAD associated with complete or incomplete revascularization in MVD in PCI. Diabetic patient had more multi-vessel CAD as compared to non-diabetics. Objectives: To determine the frequency of triple vessel coronary artery disease and afterwards compare the triple vessel coronary artery disease in diabetic v/s non-diabetics in patients presenting with NSTEMI. Methods: This Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study was conducted at Emergency Department of the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi for Six months from March 4, 2019, to September 3, 2019. Samples size n=250 was calculated through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. All the patients of either gender presenting NSTEMI and undergone coronary angiography, aged >40 and < 75 years and agreed to participate after their volunteer affirmation were included in this study.  Results: Out of 250 patients, 75.6% were male while 24.4% were female with a mean age of 56.60. Triple Vessel Disease was documented in 107(42.8%) patients. As for the study main objective variable diabetes, the comparative analysis of triple vessel disease between diabetic versus non-diabetic resulted in significant difference was noted i.e., p-value =0.030. Conclusions: Diabetic Mellitus has a significant factor for 3VD among the patients of NSTEMI patients. As a risk factor and comorbid, DM screening is a necessary factor in all NSTEMI patients who diagnosed with 3VD.

Aims: This study aims to identify the frequency of Coronary Artery Anomalies (CAA) in coronary intervention receiving patients at tertiary care hospital. Sample: To obtain the sample size of the study i.e., 228 were selected at a Confidence level of 95%. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Tertiary care hospital - National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Sindh-Karachi. Six months after the approval from IRB-NICVD (April 2018 – October 2018). Methodology: Nonprobability consecutive sampling was used to collect the study data. All Patients of either gender from age 18 to 60 years of age undergoing Primary Coronary Intervention (PCI)/ coronary artery angiography because of substernal chest pain were included. Results: Total 228 sample population was enrolled in the study, among which 88 (38.6%) were females and 140 (61.4%) were males. CAA was found in the coronary arteries of patients with abnormal aortic valves with a frequency of 1.3 percent. The most often occurring anomaly in our analysis is the separation of the origins of Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) and Left Circumflex Artery (LCx) from the Left Coronary Artery (LCA). The Circumflex Artery resulting from Right Coronary Sinus (RCS)/ Right Coronary Artery (RCA) was the second most often seen anomaly in our analysis, accounting for 22.78 percent of all anomalies. The RCA caused by LCS was the next abnormality, with a 7.59 percent frequency. In three cases, the left major coronary artery was derived from RCS, accounting for 3.8 percent of abnormalities. Conclusion: Among patients receiving diagnostic coronary angiography, we discovered a 0.9 percent incidence of coronary artery abnormalities. In our research, the prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities was 7% among patients who had coronary procedures. The drawback of our research is that we only included individuals who had had coronary angiograms rather than a random sample of the different cardiac tertiary care hospitals.

BACKGROUNDNew beginning of T Wave Inversion (TWI) after the primary PCI was taken as no negative T waves on the presenting ECG and considered as a new TWI case. Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) which included occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, cardiovascular mortality, and re-hospitalization for heart failure was taken as primary endpointThe primary aim of the study was to determine the frequency of absence of new T wave inversion (TWI) after successful Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) in patients. The secondary aim of the study was to assess the association between the development of new TWI after successful PCI and MACE after 30-days of the procedure.METHOD This 06 months prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Interventional Cardiology at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Karachi, Pakistan.Non-probability, Consecutive Sampling was used to collect the study sample. All patients aged between 18 to 65 years, both male and female, who presented with acute STEMI (within 12 hours of chest pain) and underwent successful primary PCI were included in this study. RESULTSA total of 310 patients were enrolled with no missing data and incomplete information was found. Out of 310, most of the study population was male (237) as compared to female (73). Non-Diabetic, Non-hypertensive, Non-Smoker, Non-Obese, and with no Family History were not statistically significant with new TWI after 30 min and 48 hrs successful PCI in acute STEMI patients. MACE after 30 days was observed to be a not statistically significant factor as well with respective with new TWI after 30 min and 48 hrs successful PCI in acute STEMI patients, however, all patients were observed to be free from MACE after 30 daysCONCLUSION Overall in our study population, we have observed new TWI frequently observed in all age groups with gender distribution and comorbid factors. Although our primary objective was straightly observed in the minimal population as absence of T wave frequency observed to be minimal.

Aims: The purpose of this research was to assess the frequency of precipitating variables that resulted in hospitalisation among ADHF patients who were admitted to the hospital. Sample: The sample size was calculated using WHO sample size calculator version 2.0 considering 13.22%7 uncontrolled hypertension among the patients with acute decompensated HF (ADHF), with 95% confidence interval, and 5% of margin of error, the sample size of n = 177 patients was calculated. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) Karachi from 26th October 2018 to 26 April 2019. Methodology: Both male and female patients aged 20 to 80 years with documented HF with EF <40% on echocardiogram presenting with acute decompensated HF (ADHF) in NYHA class II, III or IV were included in this study. Results: A total of 177 hospitalized patients with acute decompensated HF were included. 107 (60.5%) were males & 70 (39.5%) were females with the mean age of 52.039+14.83887 years. The PF were acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 64 (36.2%), medication Non compliance in 36(20.3%), atrial fibrillation in 44(24.9%), and uncontrolled hypertension in 47(26.6%). Conclusion: HF hospitalizations are associated with a significant number of preventable PF. The most prevalent precipitating event in our analysis was acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which occurred in 36.2 percent of participants. Patient HF patients may benefit from the identification of possible triggering factors, which may aid in the optimization of therapy and the provision of counseling.