Nurses may be anxious due to critical and emergencies, and anxiety can affect their professional performance. Non-pharmacological interventions, as a safe method, can reduce anxiety. This study aimed to determine the effect of music therapy and aromatherapy with chamomile - lavender essential oil on the anxiety of clinical nurses. This was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. One hundred twenty nurses from clinical wards of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran, were selected between 2018 and 2019 by purposeful sampling. The samples were randomly assigned to three groups with different interventions, namely music therapy, both aromatherapy with chamomile-lavender essential oil and music therapy, and aromatherapy with chamomile-lavender essential oil, along with a control group as well. The anxiety of nurses was measured based on the Beck Anxiety Inventory before the intervention and after three work shifts. The data were analyzed using the SPSS v.22 software. One-way ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that the mean scores of the anxiety of nurses after the intervention in the three groups namely the group for which music therapy was applied, the group for which aromatherapy with chamomile-lavender essential oil was used and the group for which both music therapy and aromatherapy with chamomile-lavender essential oil were applied, were (39.28), (37.82) and (40.03), respec�tively. Therefore, the obtained mean score of each group was significantly lower than that of the control group (56.08) (p < 0.0001). The results showed that the interventions of music therapy and aromatherapy with chamomile-lavender essential oil could reduce the anxiety of nurses. Therefore, it is recommended to use music therapy and aromatherapy with chamomile-lavender essential oil to reduce the anxiety of nurses in the clinical setting.

Background There is increasing evidence that patients avoid emergency departments due to fear of contracting COVID-19, which increases morbidity and mortality. To ensure the effectiveness of emergency services, department's performance must be measured. Today, various tools and methods are used to measure the performance indicators of the emergency department. Methods The current study is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, which was conducted in the year 1400 in the emergency department of Kowsar hospital in Sanandaj. The research population included all patients admitted through triage from 1397 to 1400. Data were collected using SPSS statistical software version 23 and descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (ANOVA, independent t-test, and post hoc test) were subjected to statistical analysis. A P value of 0.05 was considered. Results In the data related to emergency admissions after Corona during the outbreak of the disease, the first, second, third, fourth and fifth periods of the epidemic compared to the same period in the previous year were 48.7, 34.1, 31.7, 25.2, and 16.2, respectively. Percentage decreased. The average age of clients increased from 33.50 to 36.93 during the epidemic. In the study of the gender variable, before covid-19, 56.5% of clients were men, and 43.5% were women. After the pandemic, these percentages reached 62.5% and 37.5%, respectively. The index of assignment within 6 hours averaged 84.69% in 4 years, which has increased after the Covid-19 pandemic. The percentage of patients discharged under 12 hours was also calculated with an average of 94.54% in 4 years, which has decreased after the covid-19 pandemic. The percentage of self-responsible discharges in the emergency department was 40.8% before and 59.2% after the Covid-19 pandemic, which has been increasing. The index of unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation decreased from 112 cases before the pandemic to 64 cases after. The average duration of triage during four years was calculated as 8.11 minutes, which increased significantly compared to before. Conclusion The Covid-19 pandemic has had greatly impacted patient referrals to the emergency department. This research showed that the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic affected emergency management indicators and patients' visits to the emergency room.