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Aims and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the bacteria which exist in oral cavity sores and is challenging for oral diseases specialists. The development of resistance to antibiotics has caused researchers to think of using new treatment approaches such as phage therapy. This study aims to identify and isolate the bacteriophage that is effective on P. aeruginosa causing oral infections. The present research is a laboratory study on six Pseudomonas spp. strains with different carbapenemase-resistant genes. Materials and Methods: Specific phages were isolated from enriched sludge (microbial pentavalent compound). After isolation, to examine the physical and biological structure of bacteriophage, uracil negative staining protocol was used, and finally, the structure was observed using an electron microscope. Antimicrobial effects were evaluated by double layer and spot method. Results: Two types of bacteriophages from Plasmaviridae and Inoviridae families were identified. Isolated phages had the physical and biological structure of bacteriophage and had bactericidal effects against Pseudomonas spp. isolates harboring SPM gene and multi-drug resistant isolates. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate the usefulness of bacteriophages for controlling carbapenemase resistant isolates. They can be used in combination with other therapies such as antibiotics or mouth washes especially in deep infectious areas such as mouth ulcers.

Background: Oral candidiasis is one of the most common infections in diabetic patients that may occur due to a decrease in salivary flow rate, alterations in the salivary composition, or both. This study aimed to investigate the effect of diabetic and non-diabetic saliva on Candida albicans adherence to the acrylic resin disc specimens, regardless of saliva volume. Methods: In this case-control study, the population consisted of 26 subjects in 2 groups (13 diabetic patients and 13 non-diabetic patients). In both groups, unstimulated whole saliva was collected. It was investigated for pH, salivary flow rate, and adhesion of C. albicans to polymethylmethacrylate disc. After preparing the polymethylmethacrylate discs, the samples were stored in diabetic saliva, non-diabetic saliva, and distilled water (negative control group) for 60 minutes at 37ºC. Then they were immersed in the yeast suspensions containing C. albicans and stained with gram stain. Yeast cells were counted using a light microscope. Results: The pH of unstimulated whole saliva in diabetic patients was significantly lower than in the control group. There was no significant difference between the flow rates of saliva in the two groups. Findings indicated that the adhesion of C. albicans to resin in diabetic saliva was higher than in non-diabetic saliva. Conclusion: This study showed the same amount of salivary flow rate in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, lower pH, and higher Candida adherence to heat polymerization acrylic resin in the diabetic group.